Other Nutrients and Dissolved Oxygen and Climate Change

Reference work entry
Part of the Handbook of Global Environmental Pollution book series (EGEP, volume 1)

Abstract

Primary and secondary production in the ocean depends on the supply of a few key elements. A combination of physical, chemical, and microbial processes mediates the cycling of these elements through the environment and determines their supply. Anthropogenic perturbations to the cycles of these elements, either directly or through global warming, could result in severe alterations of patterns of primary production and a reorganization of marine ecosystems.

Keywords

Nitrogen Phosphorus Silicate Iron Oxygen N2 fixation Denitrification Deoxygenation Hypoxia Anoxia 

References

  1. Diaz RJ, Rosenberg R (2008) Spreading dead zones and consequences for marine ecosystems. Science 321:926–929CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. Fennel K, Follows M, Falkowski PG (2005) The co-evolution of the nitrogen, carbon and oxygen cycles in the Proterozoic ocean. Am J Sci 305:526–545CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. Fennel K, Wilkin J, Levin J, Moisan J, O’Reilly J, Haidvogel D (2006) Nitrogen cycling in the Mid Atlantic Bight and implications for the North Atlantic nitrogen budget: results from a three-dimensional model. Global Biogeochem Cycles 20:GB3007, doi:10.1029/2005GB002456CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. Galloway JN, Dentener FJ, Capone DG, Boyer EW, Howarth RW, Seitzinger SP, Asner GP, Cleveland CC, Green PA, Holland EA, Karl DM, Michaels AF, Porter JH, Townsend AR, Vörösmarty CJ (2004) Nitrogen cycles: past, present, and future. Biogeochemistry 70:153–226CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Galloway JN, Townsend AR, Erisman JW, Bekunda M, Cai Z, Freney JR, Martinelli LA, Seitzinger SP, Sutton MA (2008) Transformation of the nitrogen cycle: recent trends, questions, and potential solutions. Science 320:889–892CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. Jin X, Gruber N, Dunne JP, Sarmiento JL, Armstrong RA (2006) Diagnosing the contribution of phytoplankton functional groups to the production and export of particulate organic carbon, CaCO3, and opal from global nutrient and alkalinity distributions. Global Biogeochem Cycles 20, GB2015, doi:10.1029/2005GB002532CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. Lenton TM, Watson AJ (2000) Redfield revisited 1. Regulation of nitrate, phosphate, and oxygen in the ocean. Global Biogeochem Cycles 14(1):225–248CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. Martin JH (1990) Glacial-interglacial CO2 change: the iron hypothesis. Paleoceanography 5(1):1–13CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. Redfield AC (1934) On the proportions of organic derivations in sea water and their relation to the composition of plankton. In: Daniel RJ (ed) James Johnstone memorial volume. University Press of Liverpool, pp 176–192, LiverpoolGoogle Scholar
  10. Seitzinger S, Harrison JA, Böhlke JK, Bouwman AF, Lowrance R, Peterson B, Tobias C, Van Drecht G (2006) Denitrification across landscapes and waterscapes: a synthesis. Ecol Appl 16(6):2064–2090CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. Stramma L, Johnson GC, Sprintall J, Mohrholz V (2008) Expanding oxygen-minimum zones in the tropical oceans. Science 320:655–658CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Additional Recommended Reading

  1. Capone DG, Bronk DA, Mulholland MH, Carpenter EJ (2008) Nitrogen in the marine environment (2nd edn). Academic Press, LondonGoogle Scholar
  2. Jacobson MC, Charlson RJ, Rodhe H, Orians GH (2000) Earth system science. Academic Press, LondonGoogle Scholar
  3. Sarmiento JL, Gruber N (2006) Ocean biogeochemical dynamics. Princeton University Press, PrincetonGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of OceanographyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada

Personalised recommendations