Gravity Method, Principles
Introduction
By gravimetry (Latin “gravis”) methods are identified, which can be used to measure the gravity field of the Earth. The determination of this potential field is of greater importance for geodesy, geophysics, and geotechnics, Gravity Method, Surface. In particular, in geophysics and geodynamics, gravity is used to investigate the Earth’s interior and it́s dynamic processes. Furthermore, precise balances and other technical equipment need gravity data for their calibration.
The main objective of gravity/gravimetry is the determination of the Earth’s gravity field and of other celestial bodies (e.g., the Earth’s moon). The gravity field and its gravity gradients are measured as a function of position and time on, below, and above the Earth’s surface (e.g., by gravity meters on ships, in boreholes, or on board aircrafts and, nowadays, satellites: CHAMP, GRACE, and GOCE Mission), Gravity Method, Satellite.
In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, scientific interest and...
Bibliography
- Blakely, R., 1996. Potential Theory in Gravity and Magnetic Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
- Chapman, M. E., and Bordine, J. H., 1979. Considerations of the indirect effect in marine gravity modeling. Journal of Geophysical Research, 84, 3889.Google Scholar
- Fixler, J. B., Foster, G. T., McGuirk, J. M., and Kasevich, M. A., 2003. Atom interferometer measurement of the Newtonian constant of gravity. Science, 315(5808), 74, doi:10.1126/science.1135459.Google Scholar
- Götze, H.-J., and Li, X., 1997. Topography and Geoid effects on gravity anomalies in mountainous areas as inferred from the gravity field of the central Andes. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 21(4), 295.Google Scholar
- Hackney, R. I., and Featherstone, W. E., 2003. Geodetic versus geophysical perspectives of the ‘gravity anomaly’. Geophysical Journal International, 154, 35.Google Scholar
- Heiskanen, W. A., and Moritz, H., 1967. Physical Geodesy. San Francisco: Freeman.Google Scholar
- Janle, P., and Meissner, R., 1986. Structure and evolution of the terrestrial planets. Geophysical Surveys, 8(2), 107.Google Scholar
- Konopliv, A. S., Asmar, S. W., Carranza, E., Sjogren, W. L., and Yuan, D. N., 2001. Recent gravity models as a result of the lunar prospector mission. Icarus, 150(1), 1, doi:10.1006/icar.2000.6573.Google Scholar
- Li, X., and Götze, H.-J., 2001. Ellipsoid, geoid, gravity, geodesy and geophysics - a tutorial. Geophysics, 66(6), 1660.Google Scholar
- Mikuška, J., Pašteka, R., and Marušiak, I., 2006. Estimation of distant relief effect in gravimetry. Geophysics, 71(6), 59, doi:10.1190/1.2338333.Google Scholar
- Schmidt, S., and Götze, H.-J., 2002. Gravity data processing. In Flüh, E. R., Kopp, H., and Schreckenberger, B., (eds.), Cruise Report SO161 - 1 & 4, Subduction processes off Chile, Kiel, Germany: Research Center for Marine Geosciences at Christian Albrechts-Universität-Kiel, GEOMAR Report 102.Google Scholar
- Skeels, D. C., 1947. Ambiguity in gravity interpretation. Geophysics, 12, 43, doi:10.1190/1.1437295.Google Scholar
- Talwani, M., 2003. The Apollo 17 gravity measurements on the moon. The Leading Edge, 22(8), 786, doi:10.1190/1.1605083.Google Scholar
- Torge, W., 1989. Gravimetry. New York: de Gruyter Berlin.Google Scholar
- Vening-Meinesz, F. A., 1931. Une nouvelle méthode pour la réduction isostasique régional de ĺintensité de la pesanteur. Bulletin Géodésique, 29, 33–51.Google Scholar
- Watts, A. B., 2001. Isostasy and Flexure of the Lithosphere. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar