Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane usually refers to a porous microfiltration or ultrafiltration membrane with the pore size distribution of 0.01–0.4 μm. Typically, it is fabricated via phase inversion including immersion precipitation and thermally induced phase separation, besides non-solvent assisted thermally induced phase separation (Nat-ips), or supercritical CO₂ (SCCO₂)-induced phase separation was recently developed for PVDF membrane formation. PVDF membranes have been extensively applied in microfiltration and ultrafiltration for general separation purposes due to its outstanding properties, such as high mechanical strength, thermal stability, chemical resistance, and high hydrophobicity, and are currently being explored as potential candidates in the applications of membrane contactor, membrane distillation, CO₂separation, and hemodialysis. PVDF membrane can be produced and assembled into flat sheet or hollow fiber module, which has been widely used as a mainstream...