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PanVascular Medicine pp 3607–3629Cite as

Anatomy and Physiology of the Hepatic Circulation

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Abstract

The liver with its complex functions in biosynthesis, metabolism, clearance, and host defense plays a central role in the physiology of the human body. Hepatic homeostasis is highly dependent on adequate perfusion and microcirculation. Hereby, the liver presents with unique features, such as the dual hepatic arterial and portal venous blood supply and the fenestrated sinusoids, guaranteeing the supply of the parenchymal tissue with oxygen and nutrients and the clearance of toxicants and foreign bodies from the bloodstream. With the introduction, development, and refinement of in vivo imaging techniques, sophisticated analyses contributed markedly to our current understanding of the regulation of hepatic blood flow and microvascular perfusion in both health and disease. This chapter will address the physiology of the hepatic macro- and microcirculation, thereby highlighting the dual blood supply of the liver with the intimate relationship between the two vascular systems and the regulation of sinusoidal perfusion.

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Abbreviations

CBS:

Cystathionine-beta-synthetase

CO:

Carbon monoxide

CSE:

Cystathionine-gamma-lyase

eNOS:

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase

ET:

Endothelin

H2S:

Hydrogen sulfide

HABR:

Hepatic arterial buffer response

HO:

Heme oxygenase

HSCs:

Hepatic stellate cells

iNOS:

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

KCs:

Kupffer cells

NO:

Nitric oxide

NOS:

Nitric oxide synthase

SECs:

Sinusoidal endothelial cells

αSMA:

Alpha smooth muscle actin

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  1. Institute for Experimental Surgery, University Medicine Rostock, Schillingallee 69a, 18057, Rostock, Germany

    Kerstin Abshagen, Angela Kuhla, Berit Genz & Brigitte Vollmar

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  1. Kerstin Abshagen
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  2. Angela Kuhla
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Correspondence to Brigitte Vollmar .

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  1. Division of Cardiovascular Disease Department of Internal Medicine, Health Care Center Bitterfeld, Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Germany

    Peter Lanzer

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Abshagen, K., Kuhla, A., Genz, B., Vollmar, B. (2015). Anatomy and Physiology of the Hepatic Circulation. In: Lanzer, P. (eds) PanVascular Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37078-6_142

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