Sports Injuries pp 2671-2700 | Cite as

Thoracolumbar Injuries in Pediatric Athletes: Diagnosis, Treatment, Rehabilitation, and Prevention

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Abstract

Becoming a top-level athlete requires training at high intensity and heavy loads on the spine, often from a low age. Training with the aim of reaching elite level often requires monotonous and repetitive strenuous physical exercise, which increases the risk of traumatic and more frequently overuse injuries with a large risk of musculoskeletal morbidity and/or disturbed growth. The injury patterns are different in growing athletes compared with adults, as the young athletes suffer avulsion injuries of the vertebral endplates in the growth zone and the adults suffer vertebral body fractures or the rupture of a disc.

Radiological abnormalities of the thoracolumbar spine, such as disc degeneration and abnormalities affecting the vertebral endplates and the vertebral ring apophyses, are very common among athletes in sports imposing large demands on the spine. These abnormalities appear to be relatively uncommon among top-level athletes before the adolescent growth spurt. Athletes with the abovementioned radiological abnormalities have more back pain, with a frequency of up to 91 %, than other athletes and nonathletes.

Keywords

Nucleus Pulposus Disc Herniation Disc Degeneration Pelvic Incidence Young Athlete 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences at the Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University HospitalGothenburgSweden

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