Cocaine
Synonyms
Coca paste; Cocaine hydrochloride; Crack; Methyl (1R,2R,3S,5S)-3-(benzoyloxy)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1] octane-2-carboxylate
Definition
Cocaine is a naturally occurring substance that is extracted from the leaves of the coca plant (Erythroxylum coca), which is traditionally found in South American countries such as Bolivia and Columbia. Its use by the native inhabitants was noted by the Spaniards who invaded South America, and the earliest descriptions of cocaine’s effects were given by them. There was continued interest in the plant and its active substances, and cocaine was isolated from the plant in 1855 by the German chemist Friedrich Gaedcke. Its structure was elucidated and its synthesis achieved in 1898 by Richard Willstatter. Cocaine is a member of the psychostimulant class of drugs. Tolerance occurs with repeated use.
A serious result of chronic use of cocaine is addiction, and withdrawal from cocaine use in addicted individuals can result in craving, fatigue,...
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