Episcleritis: Overview

Definition

Episcleritis is inflammation of the tissue between the conjunctiva and sclera.

Etiology

Episcleritis is largely idiopathic. Collagen vascular disease, vasculitis, rosacea, atopy, herpes simplex, herpes zoster, gout, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and atopic keratoconjunctivitis hold associations with episcleritis (Goldstein and Tessler 2009; Pearlstein 2011). One-third of cases are associated with an underlying disease (Goldstein and Tessler 2009). It may also follow administration of certain drugs like erlotinib, pamidronate disodium, risedronate, and topiramate (Pearlstein 2011).

Clinical Presentation

Episcleritis is a harmless and benign condition that presents acutely. Many individuals are asymptomatic, but some do experience minor discomfort and in rare cases severe pain (Goldstein and Tessler 2009; Pearlstein 2011). In cases of severe pain, it is more likely scleritis than episcleritis. Visual acuity is unaffected by this condition (Pearlstein 2011). Discharge may or may...