Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering pp 2435–2450Cite as

SAR Tomography for 3D Reconstruction and Monitoring

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:

  • 184 Accesses

Synonyms

Cosmo-Skymed; Differential interferometry; DInSAR; Displacement measurement; Infrastructures monitoring; Multidimensional SAR imaging; SAR tomography; Synthetic-aperture radar, SAR; TerraSAR-X

Introduction

Synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) is one of the most important Earth remote sensing sensors whose applications have grown dramatically in the recent years. It provides images at microwaves with resolution comparable to that of optical systems, but with the crucial advantage of all-time, day/night, and all-weather, imaging capability. Similarly to classical surveillance radars, SAR measures the distance (range) from sensor to target: resolutions of the order of meters are achieved through the pulse compression of large bandwidth (frequency-modulated) signals. Very high resolution in the along-track direction is achieved as well through the coherent combination of target echoes received over the illumination interval, thus implementing a virtual (synthetic) array of antennas...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   1,799.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   2,999.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Arangio S, Calò F, Di Mauro M, Bonano M, Marsella M, Manunta M (2013) An application of the SBAS-DInSAR technique for the assessment of structural damage in the city of Rome. Struct Infrastruct Eng. doi: 10.1080/15732479.2013.833949

    Google Scholar 

  • Bamler R, Hartl P (1998) Synthetic aperture radar interferometry. Inverse Probl 14:1–54

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Berardino P, Fornaro G, Lanari R, Sansosti E (2002) A new algorithm for surface deformation monitoring based on small baseline differential SAR interferograms. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 40:2375–2383

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Budillon A, Evangelista A, Schirinzi G (2011) Three-dimensional SAR focusing from multipass signals using compressive sampling. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 49:488–499

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carnec C, King C, Massonnet D (1995) Measurement of land subsidence by means of differential SAR interferometry to sites of small extent. Geophys Res Lett 23:3579–3582

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cascini L, Ferlisi S, Peduto D, Fornaro G, Manunta M (2007) Analysis of DInSAR Data via geotechnical criteria. Rivista Italiana di Geotecnica 4:50–67

    Google Scholar 

  • Cloude SR (2006) Polarization coherence tomography. Radio Sci 41:RS4017. doi:10.1029/2005RS003436

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crosetto M, Crippa B, Biescas E (2005) Early detection and in-depth analysis of deformation phenomena by radar interferometry. Eng Geol 79:81–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Curlander JC, McDonough R (1991) Synthetic aperture radar – system and signal processing. Wiley, New York

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • D'Agostino N, Cheloni D, Fornaro G, Giuliani R, Reale D (2012) Space-time distribution of afterslip following the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake. J Geophys Res 117:B02402. doi:10.1029/2011JB008523

    Google Scholar 

  • De Maio A, Fornaro G, Pauciullo A (2009) Detection of single scatterers in multi-dimensional SAR imaging. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 47:2284–2297

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferretti A, Prati C, Rocca F (2000) Nonlinear subsidence rate estimation using permanent scatterers in differential SAR interferometry. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 38:2202–2212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferretti A, Prati C, Rocca F (2001) Permanent scatterers in SAR interferometry. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 39:8–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferretti A, Fumagalli A, Novali F, Prati C, Rocca F, Rucci A (2011) A new algorithm for processing interferometric data-stacks: squeeSAR. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 49:3460–3470

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fornaro G, Franceschetti G (1999) SAR interferometry, Chapter IV. In: Franceschetti G, Lanari R (eds) Synthetic aperture radar processing. CRC Press, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  • Fornaro G, Serafino F (2006) Imaging of single and double scatterers in urban areas via SAR tomography. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 44:3497–3505

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fornaro G, Serafino F, Lombardini F (2005) 3D multipass SAR focusing: experiments with long-term spaceborne data. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 43:702–712

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fornaro G, Reale D, Serafino F (2009a) Four-dimensional SAR imaging for height estimation and monitoring of single and double scatterers. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 47:224–237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fornaro G, Pauciullo A, Serafino F (2009b) Deformation monitoring over large areas with multipass differential SAR interferometry: a new approach based on the use of spatial differences. Int J Remote Sens 30:1455–1478

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fornaro G, Reale D, Verde S (2013) Bridge thermal dilation monitoring with millimeter sensitivity via multidimensional SAR imaging. IEEE Geosci Remote Sens Lett 10:677–681

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gernhardt S, Adam N, Eineder M, Bamler R (2010) Potential of very high resolution SAR for persistent scatterer interferometry in urban areas. Ann GIS 16:103–111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghiglia DC, Pritt MD (1998) Two-dimensional phase unwrapping: theory, algorithms, and software. Wiley-Interscience, New York

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Gini F, Lombardini F, Montanari M (2002) Layover solution in multibaseline SAR interferometry. IEEE Trans Aerosp Electron Syst 38:1344–1356

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krieger G, Moreira A, Fiedler H, Hajnsek I, Werner M, Younis M, Zink M (2007) TanDEM-X: a satellite formation for high-resolution SAR interferometry. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 45:3317–3341

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lombardini F (2005) Differential tomography: a new framework for SAR interferometry. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 43:37–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Massonnet D, Rossi M, Carmona C, Adragna F, Peltzer G, Fiegl K, Rabaute T (1993) The displacement field of the Landers earthquake mapped by radar interferometry. Nature 364:138–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moreira A, Prats-Iraola P, Younis M, Krieger G, Hajnsek I, Papathanassiou KP (2013) A tutorial on synthetic aperture radar. IEEE Geosci Remote Sens Mag 1:6–43

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pauciullo A, Reale D, De Maio A, Fornaro G (2012) Detection of double scatterers in SAR tomography. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 50:3567–3586

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reale D, Fornaro G, Pauciullo A, Zhu X, Bamler R (2011a) Tomographic imaging and monitoring of buildings with very high resolution SAR data. IEEE Geosci Remote Sens Lett 8:661–665

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reale D, Nitti DO, Peduto D, Nutricato R, Bovenga F, Fornaro G (2011b) Post-seismic deformation monitoring with the COSMO/SKYMED constellation. IEEE Geosci Remote Sens Lett 8(4):696–700

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reale D, Fornaro G, Pauciullo A (2013) Extension of 4-D SAR imaging to the monitoring of thermally dilating scatterers. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens. 51:5296–5306

    Google Scholar 

  • Reigber A, Moreira A (2000) First demonstration of airborne SAR tomography using multibaseline L-band data. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 38:2142–2152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tebaldini S (2010) Single and multipolarimetric SAR tomography of forested areas: a parametric approach. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 48(5):2375–2387

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Zyl J (2001) The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM): a breakthrough in remote sensing of topography. Acta Astronaut 48:559–565

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu X, Bamler R (2010a) Very high resolution spaceborne SAR tomography in urban environment. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 48:4296–4308

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu X, Bamler R (2010b) Tomographic SAR inversion by L1 norm regularization – the compressive sensing approach. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 48:3839–3846

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu X, Bamler R (2011) Let’s do the time warp: multicomponent nonlinear motion estimation in differential SAR tomography. IEEE Geosci Remote Sens Lett 8:735–739

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council, Naples, Italy

    D. Reale & G. Fornaro

Authors
  1. D. Reale
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. G. Fornaro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to D. Reale .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Computer Science in Civil Engineering, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, University Hannover, Hannover, Germany

    Michael Beer

  2. Department of Civil Engineering & Engineering Mechanics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

    Ioannis A. Kougioumtzoglou

  3. Institute for Risk & Uncertainty and Centre for Engineering Sustainability, Liverpool, UK

    Edoardo Patelli

  4. Institute for Risk & Uncertainty and Centre for Engineering Dynamics, Liverpool, UK

    Siu-Kui Au

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this entry

Cite this entry

Reale, D., Fornaro, G. (2015). SAR Tomography for 3D Reconstruction and Monitoring. In: Beer, M., Kougioumtzoglou, I.A., Patelli, E., Au, SK. (eds) Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35344-4_226

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation