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Encyclopedia of Cancer pp 1–3Cite as

Autotaxin

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Synonyms

ATX; Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2; ENPP2; Lysophospholipase D; NPP2

Definition

Autotaxin is a 100-kDa glycoprotein enzyme having both lysophospholipase D activity that can hydrolyze lysophosphatidylcholine into lysophosphatidic acid and also phosphodiesterase activity to cleave phosphodiester bonds found in the DNA backbone, although it prefers to hydrolyze lysophospholipids.

Characteristics

Autotaxin belongs to a family of ENPP proteins (ENPP/NPP1-7) found in vertebrates that are either secreted ectoenzyme glycoproteins or membrane associated. They function as stable enzymes that hydrolyze pyrophosphate and phosphodiester bonds of nucleotides and lysophospholipids. There are multiple isoforms of autotaxin arising from alternatively spliced transcripts: alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon. The isoforms beta and delta are most often found in mammals, while the alpha and epsilon isoforms cannot exist in vivo. The alpha isoform was originally discovered...

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References

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Georgia Cancer Coalition Distinguished Cancer Scholar, University of Georgia and College of Pharmacy, Athens, GA, USA

    Mandi Murph

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  1. Mandi Murph
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mandi Murph .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Abt. Tumorgenetik, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany

    Manfred Schwab

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Cite this entry

Murph, M. (2014). Autotaxin. In: Schwab, M. (eds) Encyclopedia of Cancer. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27841-9_490-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27841-9_490-6

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-27841-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Biomedicine and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences

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