Synonyms
Lesion on tongue; lip; and other areas in the mouth
Definition
Oral cancer is a malignancy that occurs in different parts of the oral cavity, including: lips, the inside lining of the lips and cheeks (buccal mucosa), the teeth, the gums, the front two-thirds of the tongue, the floor of the mouth below the tongue, and the bony roof of the mouth (hard palate).
Characteristics
Epidemiology and Etiology
Oral cancer is a significant global health concern. It is responsible for over 300,000 new cases per year worldwide. Sixty to eighty percent of cases are diagnosed at a late stage (in high and low resource countries, respectively), resulting in poor five-year survival rates. Squamous cell carcinomas constitute more than 90% of malignant tumors of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Males shows a higher incidence than females, mainly because a significantly higher exposure to etiological factors. The main etiological factors are tobacco and alcohol use. These two agents are strongly...
References
Arnaoutakis D, Bishop J, Westra W, Califano JA (2013) Recurrence patterns and management of oral cavity premalignant lesions. Oral oncology 49:814–7
Jithesh PV, Risk JM, Schache AG, et al. (2013) The epigenetic landscape of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 108:370–9
Leemans CR, Braakhuis BJ, Brakenhoff RH (2011) The molecular biology of head and neck cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 11:9–22
Martinez VD, MacAulay CE, Guillaud M, et al. (2014) Targeting of chemoprevention to high-risk potentially malignant oral lesions: challenges and opportunities. Oral oncology 50:1123–30
Rosin MP, Cheng X, Poh C, et al. (2006) Use of allelic loss to predict malignant risk for low-grade oral epithelial dysplasia. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 6:357–62
The Cancer Genome Atlas Network (2015) Comprehensive genomic characterization of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Nature 517:576–82
See Also
(2012) CCND1. In: Schwab M (ed) Encyclopedia of cancer, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, p 688. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-16483-5_906
(2012) EGFR. In: Schwab M (ed) Encyclopedia of cancer, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, p 1211. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-16483-5_1828
(2012) Erythroplakia. In: Schwab M (ed) Encyclopedia of cancer, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp 1313–1314. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-16483-5_1999
(2012) FHIT. In: Schwab M (ed) Encyclopedia of cancer, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, p 1394. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-16483-5_2168
(2012) Field cancerization. In: Schwab M (ed) Encyclopedia of cancer, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, p 1406. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-16483-5_2185
(2012) Leukoplakia. In: Schwab M (ed) Encyclopedia of cancer, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, p 2028. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-16483-5_3332
(2012) MYC family. In: Schwab M (ed) Encyclopedia of cancer, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, p 2426. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-16483-5_3922
(2012) Radiotherapy. In: Schwab M (ed) Encyclopedia of cancer, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, p 3158. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-16483-5_4926
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Martinez, V.D., Garnis, C., Lam, W.L. (2014). Oral Cancer. In: Schwab, M. (eds) Encyclopedia of Cancer. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27841-9_4249-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27841-9_4249-2
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