Esophagus: Functional/Motility Abnormalities

Reference work entry

Abstract

While motility disorders of the esophagus are relatively uncommon, patients with dysphagia are common. As patients with esophageal motility disorders almost always have dysphagia, usually liquid dysphagia, any physician encountering a patient with difficulty swallowing must consider dysmotility as a cause.

Keywords

Lower Esophageal Sphincter Esophageal Motility Heller Myotomy Pneumatic Dilation Esophageal Motility Disorder 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

References

  1. Agrawal A, Castell DO. Clinical importance of impedance measurements. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2008;42(5):579–83.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. Amaravadi R, Levine MS, Rubesin SE, Laufer I, Redfern RO, Katzka DA. Achalasia with complete relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter: radiographic-manometric correlation. Radiology. 2005;235:886–91.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. Baker ME. Is surface area a better predictor of disease severity than height and volume of the barium column in patients with primary achalasia? Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;4:308–9.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. Bansal A, Kahrilas PJ. Has high-resolution manometry changed the approach to esophageal motility disorders? Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2010;26:344–51.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Blonski W, Vela M, Safder A, Hila A, Castell DO. Revised criterion for diagnosis of ineffective esophageal motility is associated with more frequent dysphagia and greater bolus transit abnormalities. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103:699–704.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. Bredenoord AJ, Smout AJ. Esophageal motility testing: impedance-based transit measurement and high-resolution manometry. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2008;37:775–91.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. Carter M, Deckmann RC, Smith RC, Burrell MI, Traube M. Differentiation of achalasia from pseudoachalasia by computed tomography. Am J Gastroenterol. 1997;92(4):624–8.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Castell DO. Esophageal disorders in the elderly. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 1990;19(2):235–54.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Chen YM, Ott DJ, Hewson EG, Richter JE, Wu WC, Gelfan DW, Castell DO. Diffuse esophageal spasm: radiographic and manometric correlation. Radiology. 1989;170:807–10.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. Clouse RE, Staiano A, Alrakawi A, Haroian L. Application of topographic methods to clinical esophageal manometry. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000;95:2720–30.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. de Oliveira JMA, Birgisson S, Doinoff C, Einstein D, Herts B, Davros W, Obuchowski N, et al. Timed barium swallow: a simple technique for evaluating esophageal emptying in patients with achalasia. Am J Roentgenol. 1997;169:473–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. Ekberg O, Feinberg MJ. Altered swallowing function in elderly patients without dysphagia: radiographic findings in 56 cases. Am J Roentgenol. 1991;156:1181–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. Goyal RK, Chaudhury A. Physiology of normal esophageal motility. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2008;42(5):610–9.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. Grishaw EK, Ott DJ, Frederick MG, Gelfand DW, Chen MYM. Functional abnormalities of the esophagus: a prospective analysis of radiographic findings relative to age and symptoms. Am J Roentgenol. 1996;167:719–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. Hewson EG, Ott DJ, Dalton CB, Chen YM, Wu WC, Richter JE. Complementary studies in the assessment of esophageal motility disorders. Gastroenterology. 1990;98:626–32.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  16. Hirano I, Pandolfino J. New technologies for the evaluation of esophageal motility disorders: impedance, high-resolution manometry, and intraluminal ultrasound. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2007;36:531–51.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. Imam H, Shay S, Ali A, Baker M. Bolus transit patterns in healthy subjects: a study using simultaneous impedance monitoring, videoesophagram, and esophageal manometry. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2005;288:G1000–6.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. Kahrilas PJ, Dodds WJ, Hogan WJ. Effect of peristaltic dysfunction on esophageal volume clearance. Gastroenterology. 1988;94:73–80.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  19. Katz PO, Menin RA, Gideon RM. Utility and standards in esophageal manometry. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2008;42(5):620–6.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. Konturek T, Lembo A. Spasm, nutcracker and IEM. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2008;42(5):647–51.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. Kostic SV, Rice TW, Baker ME, DeCamp MM, Murthy SC, Rybicki LA, Blackstone EH, et al. Timed barium esophagogram: a simple physiologic assessment for achalasia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000;12:935–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. Kostic S, Andersson M, Hellstrom M, Lonroth H, Lundell L. Timed barium esophagogram in the assessment of patients with achalasia: reproducibility and observer variation. Dis Esophagus. 2005;18:96–103.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. Lacy BE, Weiser K. Esophageal motility disorders. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2008;42(5):652–8.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. Lee J, Anggiansah A, Anggiansah R, Young A, Wong T, Fox M. Effects of age on the gastroesophageal junction, esophageal motility, and reflux disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;5:1392–8.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. Levine MS, Rubesin SE. Diseases of the esophagus: diagnosis with esophagography. Radiology. 2005;237:414–27.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. Levine MS, Rubesin SE, Laufer I. Barium esophagography: a study for all seasons. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;6:11–25.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. Montazeri G, Nouri N, Estakhri A, Shirani S, Derakhshan MH, Yaghoobi M, Mikaeli J, Malekzadeh R. Lower oesophageal sphincter pressure and timed barium oesophagogram: two objective parameters in the non-invasive assessment of primary achalasia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005;22:261–5.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. Montazeri G, Nouri N, Estakhri A, Shirani S, Abedian S, Fazollahi A, Mikaeli J, et al. Surface area: a better predictor of disease severity than the height and volume of the barium column in patients with primary achalasia. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;18(11):1203–8.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. Ott DJ. Motility disorders of the esophagus. Radiol Clin North Am. 1994;32(6):1117–34.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  30. Ott DJ, Richter JE, Chen YM, Wu WC, Gelfand DW, Castel DO. Esophageal radiography and manometry: correlation in 172 patients with dysphagia. Am J Roentgenol. 1987;149:307–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. Ott DJ, Chen YM, Hewson EG, Richter JE, Dalton CB, Gelfand DW, Wu WC. Esophageal motility: assessment with synchronous video tape fluoroscopy and manometry. Radiology. 1989;173:419–22.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  32. Pandolfino JE, Ghosh SK, Rich J, Clarke JO, Kwiatek MA, Kahrilas PJ. Classifying esophageal motility by pressure topography characteristics: a study of 400 patients and 75 controls. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008a;103:27–37.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  33. Pandolfino JE, Kwiatek MA, Nealis TJ, Bulsiewicz W, Post J, Kahrilas PJ. Achalasia: it’s not all one disease. Gastroenterology. 2008b;135:1526–33.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  34. Pandolfino JE, Kwiatek MA, Nealis T, Bulsiewixcz W, Post J, Kahrilas PJ. Achalasia: a new clinically relevant classification by high-resolution manometry. Gastroenterology. 2008c;135:1526–33.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  35. Pandolfino JE, Fox MR, Bredenoord AJ, Kahrilias PJ. High-resolution manometry in clinical practice: utilizing pressure topography to classify oesophageal motility abnormalities. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2009;8:796–806.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  36. Rice TR, Shay SS. Surgical treatment of benign esophageal diseases. In: Sabiston DC, Spencer FC, editors. Surgery of the chest. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2010.Google Scholar
  37. Richter JE. Achalasia- an update. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2010;16:232–42.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  38. Rozman RW, Achkar E. Features distinguishing secondary achalasia from primary achalasia. Am J Gastroenterol. 1990;85(10):1327–9.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  39. Scherer JR, Kwiatek MA, Soper NJ, Pandolfino JE, Kahrilas PJ. Functional esophagogastric junction obstruction with intact peristalsis: a heterogeneous syndrome sometimes akin to achalasia. J Gastrointest Surg. 2009;13:2219–25.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  40. Schima W, Stacher G, Pokieser P, Uranitsch K, Nekahm D, Schober E, Moser G, Tscholakoff D. Esophageal motor disorders: videofluoroscopic and manometric evaluation-prospective study in 88 symptomatic patients. Radiology. 1992;185:487–91.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  41. Sifrim D, Blondeau K. New techniques to evaluate esophageal function. Dig Dis. 2006;24:243–51.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  42. Summerton SL. Radiographic evaluation of esophageal function. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2005;15:231–42.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  43. Tutuian R, Vela M, Balaja N, Wise J, Murray J, Peters J, Shay S, Castell D. Esophgeal function testing using combined multichannel intraluminal impedance and manometry. Multicenter study in healthy volunteers. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2003;1:174–82.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  44. Vaezi MF, Richter JE. Diagnosis and management of achalasia. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999;94(12):3406–12.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  45. Vaezi MF, Baker ME, Richter JE. Assessment of esophageal emptying post-pneumatic dilation: use of the timed barium esophagram. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999;94(7):1802–7.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  46. Woodfield CA, Levine MS, Rubesin SE, Langlotz CP, Laufer I. Diagnosis of primary versus secondary achalasia: reassessment of clinical and radiographic criteria. Am J Roentgenol. 2000;175:727–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013

Authors and Affiliations

  • Mark E. Baker
    • 1
  • David M. Einstein
    • 1
  • Steven Shay
    • 2
  1. 1.Section, Abdominal Imaging, Imaging Institute and Digestive Disease InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandUSA
  2. 2.Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandUSA

Personalised recommendations