Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Imperialism and Anti-Imperialism pp 1–28Cite as

Palgrave Macmillan

Anti-apartheid, Anti-capitalism, and Anti-imperialism: Liberation in South Africa

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:

  • 283 Accesses

The first Mandela was Jesus Christ. The Second was Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela. The third Nelson Mandela are the poor people of the world. (S’bu Zikode, a leader of Abahlali baseMjondolo, the South African shack dwellers movement, quoted in Gibson 2006, p. 12)

Synonyms

African nationalism; Emancipation; Imperialism; National democratic revolution; National liberation; Racial capitalism; Settler colonialism; White supremacy

Definition

“Anti-Apartheid, Anti-Capitalism, and Anti-Imperialism: Liberation in South Africa?”

The entry analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of three movement strategies to achieve liberation in South Africa. The core of anti-apartheid strategy was to unite forces to overcome the racist white domination of the Nationalist Party regime in power since 1948. The anti-capitalist strategy stressed the connection between apartheid’s political and social discrimination with an underpinning capitalist exploitation, promoting independent working class organization and...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

References

  • Aglietta, M. (1980). A theory of capitalist regulation: The US experience. London: New Left Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, N. (1979). One Azania one nation: The national question in South Africa. London: Zed Press. http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/one-azania-one-nation-neville-alexander. Accessed 19 Mar 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, N. (2003). An ordinary country: Issues in transition from apartheid to democracy in South Africa. New York/Oxford: Berghahn Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, P., Lekgowa, T., Mmope, B., Sinwell, L., & Xezwi, B. (2012). Marikana: A view from the mountain and a case to answer. Auckland Park: Jacana Media.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ally, R. (1994). Gold and empire: The Bank of England and South Africa’s gold producers 1886–1926. Johannesburg: Witwatersr and University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amandla! (2013). ‘COSATU at the crossroads’, Amandla! No. 30 April/May: 12–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • ANC. (1955). The freedom charter. http://www.anc.org.za/show.php?id=72. Accessed 19 Mar 2015.

  • Anderson, K. (1995). Lenin, Hegel and Western Marxism: A critical study. Urbana/Chicago: University of Illinois Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashman, S., & Fine, B. (2013). Neo-liberalism, varieties of capitalism, and the shifting contours of South Africa’s financial system. Transformation, 81(82), 144–178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ashman, S., Fine, B., & Newman, S. (2010). The crisis in South Africa: Neoliberalism, financialization and uneven and combined development. Socialist Register, 47, 174–195.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashman, S., Fine, B., & Newman, S. (2011). Amnesty international? The nature, scale and impact of capital flight from South Africa. Journal of Southern African Studies, 37(1), 7–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barchiesi, F. (2011). Precarious liberation: Workers, the state, and contested social citizenship. Durban: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, J. (2013). Capital structure of the south African automotive industry: Historical perspectives and development implications. Transformation: Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa, 81/82, 236–259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bell, T., & Farrell, G. (1997). The minerals-energy complex and south African industrialisation. Development Southern Africa, 14(4), 591–613.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beresford, A. (2012). Organised labour and the politics of class formation in post-apartheid South Africa. Review of African Political Economy, 39(134), 569–589.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Biko, S. B. (2002 [1978]). I write what i like: Selected writings of Steve Biko 1946–77. Chicago/London: University of Chicago Press/Heinemann.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bond, P. (2000). Elite transition: From apartheid to neoliberalism in South Africa. London: Pluto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bond, P. (2008). South Africa’s “developmental state” distraction. Media, 24(1), 9–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bond, P. (2013). Debt, uneven development and capitalist crisis in South Africa: From Moody’s macroeconomic monitoring to Marikana microfinance mashonisas. Third World Quarterly, 34(4), 569–592.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bond, P., Desai, A., & Ngwane, T. (2012). Uneven and combined Marxism within South Africa’s urban social movements. http://amandla.org.za/uneven-and-combined-marxism-within-south-africas-urban-social-movements-by-patrick-bond-ashwin-desai-and-trevor-ngwane/. Accessed 19 Mar 2015.

  • Brickley, C. (2005). ‘Anti-apartheid: A study in opportunism’, Fight Racism! Fight Imperialism! 183 (February/March). http://www.revolutionarycommunist.org/reviews/270-anti-apartheid-a-study-in-opportunism-frfi-183-feb-mar-2005.html. Accessed 19 Mar 2015.

  • Brickley, C. (2012). ‘Writing on the wall for the South African “national democratic revolution”’, Fight Racism! Fight Imperialism! 229 (October/November). http://www.revolutionarycommunist.org/international/2718-writing-on-the-wall-for-the-south-african-national-democratic-revolution. Accessed 19 Mar 2015.

  • Brickley, C., O’Halloran, T., & Reed, D. (1985). South Africa – Britain out of apartheid; apartheid out of Britain! London: Larkin Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brockway, L. F. (1975). Uranium purchases from Namibia. In House of lords debate, 20 October 1975 (Vol. 364, pp. cc1226–c12234). London: Hansard. http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/lords/1975/oct/20/uranium-purchases-from-namibia. Accessed 19 Mar 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, G., & Yaffe, H. (2014). Practices of solidarity: Opposing apartheid in the Centre of London. Antipode, 46(1), 34–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, G., & Yaffe, H. (2017). Youth activism and solidarity: The non-stop picket against apartheid New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buhlungu, S. (2004). The anti-privatisation forum: A profile of a post-apartheid social movement. Durban: University of KwaZulu-Natal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bunting, B. (1964). The rise of the south African Reich. London: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cabral, A. (1966). The weapon of theory. http://www.marxists.org/subject/africa/cabral/1966/weapon-theory.htm. Accessed 19 Mar 2015.

  • Cabral, A. (1989). Unity and struggle: Speeches and writings of Amilcar Cabral. New York: Monthly Review Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Callinicos, L. (1981). A people’s history of South Africa volume 1. Gold and workers 1886–1924. Johannesburg: Ravan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Callinicos, A. (1988). South Africa between reform and revolution. London: Bookmarks.

    Google Scholar 

  • Callinicos, A. (1994). Marxism and imperialism today. In A. Callinicos, J. Rees, C. Harman, & M. Haynes (Eds.), Marxism and the new imperialism (pp. 11–66). London: Bookmarks.

    Google Scholar 

  • City Press. (2012). ‘They killed you because Cyril has stake’, City Press Online, 20 August. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3SEOtc9kaCw. Accessed 19 Mar 2015.

  • Commonwealth Committee. (1989). South Africa: The sanctions report. London: James Currey/Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, R. (1979). Capital, state, and white labour in South Africa, 1 1900–1960: An historical materialist analysis of class formation and class relations. Atlantic Highlands: Humanities Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, R., O’Meara, D., & Dlamini, S. (1984). The struggle for South Africa: A reference guide to movements, organizations and institutions. Volume two. London: Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Desai, A. (2002). We are the poors: Community struggles in post-apartheid South Africa. New York: Monthly Review Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Di Paola, M., & Pons-Vignon, N. (2013). Labour market restructuring in South Africa: Low wages, high insecurity. Review of African Political Economy, 40(138), 628–638.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ECCI (Executive Committee of the Communist International). (1928). The South Africa question. https://www.marxists.org/history/international/comintern/sections/sacp/1928/comintern.htm. Accessed 19 Mar 2015.

  • EFF (Economic Freedom Fighters). (2014). EFF Elections Manifesto. http://effighters.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/EFF-ELECTIONS-MANIFESTO.pdf. Accessed 19 Mar 2015.

  • Ernst and Young (2013). Africa attractiveness survey. http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/Africa_Attract_2013_-_Getting_down_to_business/$FILE/Africa_attractiveness_2013_web.pdf. Accessed 19 Mar 2015.

  • Fanon, F. (2000 [1963]). The wretched of the earth. New York: Grove Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feinstein, C. H. (2005). An economic history of South Africa: Conquest, domination, development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Feinstein, A. (2009). After the party: Corruption, the ANC and South Africa’s uncertain future. London/New York: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fieldhouse, R. (2005). Anti-Apartheid: A history of the movement in Britain – A study in pressure group politics. London: Merlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fig, D. (2014). State of extraction: The new scramble for Africa, Transnational Institute. http://www.tni.org/sites/www.tni.org/files/download/state_of_extraction_chapter.pdf. Accessed 19 Mar 2015.

  • Fine, B. (1983). Multinational corporations, the British economy and the alternative economic strategy. Economic Bulletin, 10, 10–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fine, B., & Harris, L. (1979). Rereading capital. London: Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Fine, B., & Rustomjee, Z. (1996). South Africa’s political economy. Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • First, R., Steele, J., & Gurney, C. (1973). The South African connection: Western investment in apartheid. London: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fogel, B. (2013). The EFF and the left. Amandla!, 32, 46–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, S. (1987). Building tomorrow today: African workers in trade unions 1970–1984. Johannesburg: Ravan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gelb, S. (1991). South Africa’s economic crisis: An overview. In S. Gelb (Ed.), South Africa’s economic crisis (pp. 1–32). Cape Town/London: David Philip/Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, N. (2006). Challenging hegemony: Social movements and the quest for a new humanism in post-apartheid South Africa. Trenton/Asmara: Africa Research & Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goddard, A. (1986). COSATU: New weapon against apartheid. Fight Racism! Fight Imperialism!, 61, 10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Good, D., & Williams, M. (1976). South Africa: The crisis in Britain and the apartheid economy. London: Anti-Apartheid Movement.

    Google Scholar 

  • Habib, A., & Padayachee, V. (2000). Economic policy and power relations in South Africa’s transition to democracy. World Development, 28(2), 245–263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hain, P. (1971). Don’t play with apartheid: The background to the stop the seventy tour campaign. London: Allen & Unwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanlon, J. (1986). Apartheid’s second front: South Africa’s war against its neighbours. London: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Higginbottom, A. (2011). Gold mining in South Africa reconsidered: New mode of exploitation, theories of imperialism and capital. Économies et Sociétés, 45(2), 261–288.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilferding, R. (1981 [1910]). Finance capital: A study of the latest phase of capitalist development. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirson, B. (1992). Colonialism of a special type and the permanent revolution. Searchlight South Africa, 2(4), 48–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobson, J. A. (1900). The war in South Africa: Its causes and effects. London: James Nisbet.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobson, J. A. (1988 [1902]). Imperialism: A study (3rd ed.). London: Unwin Hyman.

    Google Scholar 

  • IDAF. (1983). Apartheid: The facts. London: International Defense and Aid Fund for Southern Africa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Innes, D. (1984). Anglo American and the rise of modern South Africa. London: Heinemann Educational Books Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jara, M. K. (2013). Neoliberal land & agricultural policies at heart of farm strikes. Amandla!, 28/29, 18–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R. W. (2010). South Africa’s brave new world: The beloved country since the end of apartheid. London: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnstone, F. (1976). Class, race and gold: A study of class relations and racial discrimination in South Africa. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kingdon, G., & Knight, J. (2009). Unemployment: South Africa’s Achilles’ heel. In J. Aron, B. Kahn, & G. Kingdon (Eds.), South African economic policy under democracy (pp. 300–326). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lanning, G. with Mueller, M. (1979). Africa undermined: Mining companies and the underdevelopment of Africa. London: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Legassick, M. (1974). South Africa: Capital accumulation and violence. Economy and Society, 3, 253–291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Legassick, M. (1976). Perspectives on African “underdevelopment”. Journal of African History, 7(3), 435–440.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Legassick, M., & Innes, D. (1977). Capital restructuring and apartheid: A critique of constructive engagement. African Affairs, 76, 437–482.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lenin, V. I. (1905). Two tactics of social-democracy in the democratic revolution. http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1905/tactics/. Accessed 19 Mar 2015.

  • Lenin, V. I. (1907). The Agrarian program of social-democracy in the First Russian Revolution of 1905–1907. http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1907/agrprogr/index.htm. Accessed 19 Mar 2015.

  • Lenin, V. I. (1916a). Imperialism: The highest stage of capitalism. http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1916/imp-hsc/. Accessed 19 Mar 2015.

  • Lenin, V. I. (1916b). Imperialism and the split in socialism. http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1916/oct/x01.htm. Accessed 19 Mar 2015.

  • Lenin, V. I. (1917). Postscript to the Agrarian Programme of Social-Democracy in the First Russian Revolution, 1905–1907. http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1917/agrprogr/postscr.htm. Accessed 19 Mar 2015.

  • Lenin, V. I. (1920). Report of the commission on the national and the colonial questions. http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1920/jul/x03.htm#fw3. Accessed 19 Mar 2015.

  • Lipton, M. (1979). The debate about South Africa: Neo-Marxists and Neo- Liberals. African Affairs, 78, 57–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lipton, M. (1986). Capitalism and apartheid: South Africa 1901–1986 (2nd ed.). Aldershot: Wildwood House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lodge, T. (1983). Black politics in South Africa since 1945. London/New York: Longman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lolwana, P. (2014). South Africa Country Report Northern Research Review and Advisory Group (NORRAG). www.norrag.org/fileadmin/Other_publications/South_Africa_Country_Report.pdf. Accessed 26 Mar 2015.

  • Luckhardt, K., & Wall, B. (1980). Organize … or starve! The history of the South African congress of trade unions. London: Lawrence and Wishart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luxemburg, R. (2003 [1913]). The accumulation of capital. London/New York: Routledge Classics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macroeconomic Research Group (MERG). (1993). Making democracy work: A framework for macroeconomic policy in South Africa. Cape Town: Centre for Development Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Magubane, B. (1979). The political economy of race and class in South Africa. New York/London: Monthly Review Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mamdani, M. (1996). Citizen and subject: Contemporary Africa and the legacy of late colonialism. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mandela, N. R. (1994). Long walk to freedom: The autobiography of Nelson Mandela. London: Abacus.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marais, H. (2011). South Africa pushed to the limit: The political economy of change. Claremont/London/New York: UCT Press/Zed Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, W. G. (2013). South Africa and the world economy: Remaking race, state, and region. Rochester: University of Rochester Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marx, K. (1976 [1867]). Capital volume 1. London: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marx, K. (1981[1895]). Capital volume 3. London: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCulloch, J. (2013). South Africa’s gold mines and the politics of silicosis. Auckland Park: Jacana Media.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKinley, D. (1997). The ANC and the liberation struggle: A critical political biography. London: Pluto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meli, F. (1988). A history of the ANC: South Africa belongs to us. Harare: Zimbabwe Publishing House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moorsom, R. (1982). In the grip of imperialism. In B. Wood (Ed.), Namibia 1884–1984: Readings on Namibia’s history and society. London/Lusaka: Namibia Support/United Nations Institute for Namibia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Munnik, V. (2008). ‘South Africa’ in Short, Rebecca The true cost of coal (pp 48–53). Amsterdam: Greenpeace. http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/publications/reports/cost-of-coal/. Accessed 19 Mar 2015.

  • Murray, M. (1987). South Africa: Time of agony, time of destiny. London/New York: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mvoko, V. (2013). Vuyo Mvoko unpacks the official launch of EFF, sabcdigitalnews (13 October). http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_1xjvTpB2I. Accessed 19 Mar 2015.

  • Naidoo, J. (1986). The significance of COSATU. South Africa Labour Bulletin., 11(5), 33–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nattrass, N., & Seekings, J. (2011). The economy and poverty in the twentieth century. In R. M. Ross, A. Kelk, & B. Nasson (Eds.), The Cambridge history of South Africa (Vol. 2). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ngwane, T. (2003). Sparks in the township. New Left Review, 22, 37–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nkrumah, K. (2002 [1965]). Neo-colonialism: The last stage of imperialism. Bedford: Panaf Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ntlebi, Z. (2011). Factors that influence women’s employment Status in South Africa. In International Statistical Institute: Proceedings 58th World Statistical Congress, 2011, Dublin (Session CPS061). http://2011.isiproceedings.org/papers/951017.pdf. Accessed 26 Mar 2015.

  • NUMSA. (2013). Special National Congress December 17 to 20, 2013 Declaration, at http://www.numsa.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/SNC-Declaration-final-copy.pdf. Accessed 19 Mar 2015.

  • O’Meara, D. (1983). Volkscapitalisme: Class, capital and ideology in the development of Afrikaner nationalism, 1934–1948. Johannesburg: Ravan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orkin, M. (Ed.). (1989). Sanctions against apartheid. Cape Town: David Philip/CIIR.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ovenden, K., & Cole, T. (1989). Apartheid and international finance: A for change. London: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Padayachee, V. (1991). The politics of South Africa’s international financial relations, 1970–1990. In S. Gelb (Ed.), South Africa’s economic crisis. Cape Town/London: David Philip/Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pithouse, R., & Desai, A. (2004). “But we were thousands”: Dispossession, resistance, repossession and repression in Mandela Park. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 39(4), 239–269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Platzky, L., & Walker, C. (1985). The surplus people: Forced removals in South Africa. Johannesburg: Ravan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Plaut, M., & Holden, P. (2012). Who rules South Africa? London: Biteback Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pogrund, B. (1990). How can man die better… Sobukwe and Apartheid. Cape Town/Johannesburg: Peter Halban Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Price, R. M. (1991). The apartheid state in crisis: Political transformation in South Africa 1975–1990. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reed, D. (1986). Communists and the revolution South Africa. Fight Racism! Fight Imperialism!, 62, 10–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Renwick, R. (2015). The end of apartheid: Diary of a revolution. London: Biteback Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy, M. N. (1922). India in transition. http://www.archive.org/details/indiaintransitio00roymrich. Accessed 19 Mar 2015.

  • SACP. (1962). The road to South African freedom, South African Communist Party. http://amadlandawonye.wikispaces.com/1962%2C+SACP%2C+The+Road+to+South+African+Freedom. Accessed 19 Mar 2015.

  • Satgar, V. (2012). Beyond Marikana: The post-apartheid South African state. Africa Spectrum, 2–3, 33–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saul, J. (1986). South Africa: The question of strategy. New Left Review, 60, 3–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saul, J. (2012). The transition in South Africa: Choice, fate ... Or recolonisation? Critical Arts: South-North Cultural and Media Studies, 26(4), 588–609.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sender, J. (2014). ‘Reflections on MERG’ PERSA Political Economy of Restructuring South Africa http://persaproject.wixsite.com/persa/about1. Accessed 19 July 2016.

  • Simons, J., & Simons, R. (1983). Class and colour in South Africa 1850–1950. London: International Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siwisa, B. (2010). Social citizenship and the emergence of the new social movements in post-apartheid South Africa. In B. Freund & H. Witt (Eds.), Development dilemmas in post-apartheid South Africa. Scottsville: University KwaZulu Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slovo, J. (1988). The South African working class and the national democratic revolution. London/Lusaka: Inkululeko Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sobukwe, R. M. (1959). Inaugural speech, April 1959. http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/robert-sobukwe-inaugural-speech-april-1959. Accessed 19 Mar 2015.

  • Southall, Roger, Henning Melber (2009) Conclusion: Towards a response in Roger Southall, Henning Melber (eds) A new scramble for Africa? Imperialism, investment and development (Scottsville: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press); 405–427.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sowetan. (2014). Thirteen parties won seats in the National Assembly 10 May 2014 at http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/2014/05/10/25-seats-in-parliament-for-eff-2-seats-for-agang. Accessed 19 Mar 2015.

  • Terreblanche, S. (2002). A history of inequality in South Africa 1652–2002. Durban: University of Natal Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, L. (2001). A history of South Africa (3rd ed.). New Haven/London: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thörn, H. (2006). Anti-apartheid and the emergence of a global civil society. New York: Palgrave McMillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Trotsky, L. (1906). Results and prospects. http://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1931/tpr/. Accessed 19 Mar 2015.

  • von Holdt, K. (2013). South Africa: The transition to violent democracy. Review of African Political Economy, 40(138), 589–604.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Webster, E. (1985). Cast in a racial mould: Labour process and trade unionism in the foundries. Johannesburg: Ravan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, M. (1975). An analysis of South African capitalism – Neo-Ricardianism or Marxism? Bulletin of the Conference of Socialist Economists, 4(1), 1–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, F. (1972). Labour in the South African gold mines. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolpe, H. (1972). Capitalism and cheap labour-power in South Africa: From segregation to apartheid. Economy and Society, 1(4), 425–456.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wolpe, H. (1988). Race, class and the apartheid state. Paris/Addis Adaba/London: Unesco/Organisation of African Unity/James Currey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yaffe, D. (1976). South Africa: International solidarity and the British working class. Revolutionary Communist, 5, 56–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zikode, S. (2013). Despite the state’s violence, our fight to escape the mud and fire of South Africa’s slums will continue, The Guardian 11 November 2013 at https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/nov/11/south-africa-fight-decent-housing-assassination

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Kingston, London, UK

    Andy Higginbottom

Authors
  1. Andy Higginbottom
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andy Higginbottom .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Center for Worker Education, Brooklyn College, New York, NY, USA

    Immanuel Ness

  2. Independent Scholar, Belfast, UK

    Zak Cope

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Higginbottom, A. (2019). Anti-apartheid, Anti-capitalism, and Anti-imperialism: Liberation in South Africa. In: Ness, I., Cope, Z. (eds) The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Imperialism and Anti-Imperialism. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91206-6_159-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91206-6_159-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-91206-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-91206-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference HistoryReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Humanities

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation