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Health Consequences of Microbial Interactions with Hydrocarbons, Oils, and Lipids pp 1–31Cite as

Infection Prevention: Oil- and Lipid-Containing Products in Vaccinology

  • Living reference work entry
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Part of the book series: Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology ((HHLM))

Abstract

Vaccination remains the most valuable tool for preventing infectious diseases. However, the performance of many existing vaccines should be improved, and there are diseases for which vaccines are still not available. The use of well-defined antigens for the generation of subunit vaccines has led to products with an improved safety profile. However, purified antigens are usually poorly immunogenic, making essential the use of sophisticated delivery systems or, more frequently, adjuvants. Despite the fact that adjuvants have been used to increase the immunogenicity of vaccines for more than 70 years, only a handful has been licensed for human use (e.g., aluminum salts, the micro-fluidized squalene-in-water emulsion MF59, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL A), AS03, AF03, LT, and virosomes). Thus, the development of new delivery systems, combinations of already known adjuvants and novel adjuvants, which are able to promote broad and sustained immune responses at systemic and mucosal levels, still remains a major challenge in vaccinology. Recent advances in our understanding of the immune system have facilitated the identification of new biological targets for screening programs aimed at the discovery of novel immune stimulators. This resulted in the identification of new candidate adjuvants, which made possible the modulation of the immune responses elicited according to specific needs. A number of promising delivery systems and adjuvants based on lipids, which are currently under preclinical or clinical development, will be described in this chapter.

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  1. $Thomas Ebensen and Kai Schulze have equally contributed to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Global Research Immunology, In vivo Biology, ALK, Hørsholm, Denmark

    Barbara Fuchs

  2. Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany

    Thomas Ebensen, Kai Schulze & Carlos Alberto Guzmán

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  1. Thomas Ebensen
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  2. Barbara Fuchs
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  3. Kai Schulze
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  4. Carlos Alberto Guzmán
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Correspondence to Carlos Alberto Guzmán .

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  1. Dept. Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Dept. Microbiology, PHILADELPHIA, PA, USA

    Howard Goldfine

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Ebensen, T., Fuchs, B., Schulze, K., Guzmán, C.A. (2019). Infection Prevention: Oil- and Lipid-Containing Products in Vaccinology. In: Goldfine, H. (eds) Health Consequences of Microbial Interactions with Hydrocarbons, Oils, and Lipids. Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72473-7_25-1

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