Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules

2018 Edition
| Editors: Sangdun Choi

AP-4

  • Shinji Matsuda
  • Michisuke Yuzaki
Reference work entry
First Online:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_137
How to cite

Synonyms

 Adaptor protein complex 4;  Adaptor-related protein complex 4

Historical Background

In 1975, coated vesicles, which transport many membrane proteins, were purified and shown to include an ~180-kDa protein named clathrin (Pearse 1975). Later, other molecules involved in clathrin binding to the vesicles were also identified (Keen et al. 1979). In 1987, Keen et al. showed that these molecules formed heterotetrameric complexes, which were termed as adaptor protein complex (AP)-1 and AP-2 (Keen 1987). AP-1 and AP-2 are composed of two large subunits (γ and β1 for AP-1 and α and β2 for AP-2), one medium subunit (μ1 for AP-1 and μ2 for AP-2), and one small subunit (σ1 for AP-1 and σ2 for AP-2). Later, another AP complex  AP-3 was identified on the basis of its structural homology to AP-1 and AP-2 (Pevsner et al. 1994; Newman et al. 1995). The  AP-3complex, which consists of one molecule each of δ, β3, μ3, and σ3 subunits, is involved in protein trafficking and organelle biogenesis...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

References

  1. Abou Jamra R, Philippe O, Raas-Rothschild A, Eck SH, Graf E, Buchert R, et al. Adaptor protein complex 4 deficiency causes severe autosomal-recessive intellectual disability, progressive spastic paraplegia, shy character, and short stature. Am J Hum Genet. 2011;88:788–95.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. Aguilar RC, Boehm M, Gorshkova I, Crouch RJ, Tomita K, Saito T, et al. Signal-binding specificity of the mu4 subunit of the adaptor protein complex AP-4. J Biol Chem. 2001;276:13145–52.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. Borner GH, Antrobus R, Hirst J, Bhumbra GS, Kozik P, Jackson LP, et al. Multivariate proteomic profiling identifies novel accessory proteins of coated vesicles. J Cell Biol. 2012;197:141–60.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. Burgos PV, Mardones GA, Rojas AL, da Silva LL, Prabhu Y, Hurley JH, et al. Sorting of the Alzheimer’s disease amyloid precursor protein mediated by the AP-4 complex. Dev Cell. 2010;18:425–36.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Dell’Angelica EC, Mullins C, Bonifacino JS. AP-4, a novel protein complex related to clathrin adaptors. J Biol Chem. 1999;274:7278–85.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. Hardies K, May P, Djemie T, Tarta-Arsene O, Deconinck T, Craiu D, et al. Recessive loss-of-function mutations in AP4S1 cause mild fever-sensitive seizures, developmental delay and spastic paraplegia through loss of AP-4 complex assembly. Hum Mol Genet. 2015;24:2218–27.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. Hirst J, Bright NA, Rous B, Robinson MS. Characterization of a fourth adaptor-related protein complex. Mol Biol Cell. 1999;10:2787–802.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. Hirst J, Barlow LD, Francisco GC, Sahlender DA, Seaman MN, Dacks JB, et al. The fifth adaptor protein complex. PLoS Biol. 2011;9:e1001170.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. Janvier K, Bonifacino JS. Role of the endocytic machinery in the sorting of lysosome-associated membrane proteins. Mol Biol Cell. 2005;16:4231–42.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. Junking M, Sawasdee N, Duangtum N, Cheunsuchon B, Limjindaporn T, Yenchitsomanus PT. Role of adaptor proteins and clathrin in the trafficking of human kidney anion exchanger 1 (kAE1) to the cell surface. Traffic. 2014;15:788–802.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. Keen JH. Clathrin assembly proteins: affinity purification and a model for coat assembly. J Cell Biol. 1987;105:1989–98.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. Keen JH, Willingham MC, Pastan IH. Clathrin-coated vesicles: isolation, dissociation and factor-dependent reassociation of clathrin baskets. Cell. 1979;16:303–12.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. Kong XF, Bousfiha A, Rouissi A, Itan Y, Abhyankar A, Bryant V, et al. A novel homozygous p.R1105X mutation of the AP4E1 gene in twins with hereditary spastic paraplegia and mycobacterial disease. PLoS One. 2013;8:e58286.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. Matsuda S, Miura E, Matsuda K, Kakegawa W, Kohda K, Watanabe M, et al. Accumulation of AMPA receptors in autophagosomes in neuronal axons lacking adaptor protein AP-4. Neuron. 2008;57:730–45.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. Mattera R, Guardia CM, Sidhu SS, Bonifacino JS. Bivalent motif-ear interactions mediate the association of the accessory protein tepsin with the AP-4 adaptor complex. J Biol Chem. 2015;290:30736–49.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. Moreno-De-Luca A, Helmers SL, Mao H, Burns TG, Melton AM, Schmidt KR, et al. Adaptor protein complex-4 (AP-4) deficiency causes a novel autosomal recessive cerebral palsy syndrome with microcephaly and intellectual disability. J Med Genet. 2011;48:141–4.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. Newman LS, McKeever MO, Okano HJ, Darnell RB. Beta-NAP, a cerebellar degeneration antigen, is a neuron-specific vesicle coat protein. Cell. 1995;82:773–83.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. Nicoll RA, Tomita S, Bredt DS. Auxiliary subunits assist AMPA-type glutamate receptors. Science. 2006;311:1253–6.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. Ohno H, Tomemori T, Nakatsu F, Okazaki Y, Aguilar RC, Foelsch H, et al. Mu1B, a novel adaptor medium chain expressed in polarized epithelial cells. FEBS Lett. 1999;449:215–20.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. Pearse BM. Coated vesicles from pig brain: purification and biochemical characterization. J Mol Biol. 1975;97:93–8.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. Pevsner J, Volknandt W, Wong BR, Scheller RH. Two rat homologs of clathrin-associated adaptor proteins. Gene. 1994;146:279–83.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. Ross BH, Lin Y, Corales EA, Burgos PV, Mardones GA. Structural and functional characterization of cargo-binding sites on the mu4-subunit of adaptor protein complex 4. PLoS One. 2014;9:e88147.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. Simmen T, Honing S, Icking A, Tikkanen R, Hunziker W. AP-4 binds basolateral signals and participates in basolateral sorting in epithelial MDCK cells. Nat Cell Biol. 2002;4:154–9.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. Stephens DJ, Banting G. Specificity of interaction between adaptor-complex medium chains and the tyrosine-based sorting motifs of TGN38 and lgp120. Biochem J. 1998;335(Pt 3):567–72.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. Tessa A, Battini R, Rubegni A, Storti E, Marini C, Galatolo D, et al. Identification of mutations in AP4S1/SPG52 through next generation sequencing in three families. Eur J Neurol. 2016;  https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.13085.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  26. Verkerk AJ, Schot R, Dumee B, Schellekens K, Swagemakers S, Bertoli-Avella AM, et al. Mutation in the AP4M1 gene provides a model for neuroaxonal injury in cerebral palsy. Am J Hum Genet. 2009;85:40–52.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. Wang X, Kilimann MW. Identification of two new mu-adaptin-related proteins, mu-ARP1 and mu-ARP2. FEBS Lett. 1997;402:57–61.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. Yap CC, Murate M, Kishigami S, Muto Y, Kishida H, Hashikawa T, et al. Adaptor protein complex-4 (AP-4) is expressed in the central nervous system neurons and interacts with glutamate receptor delta2. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2003;24:283–95.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer International Publishing AG 2018

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of NeurophysiologySchool of Medicine, Keio UniversityShinjuku-ku, TokyoJapan
  2. 2.Department of Engineering ScienceGraduate School of Informatics and Engineering, University of Electro-CommunicationsTokyoJapan