Synonyms
Apical cap fibrosis; Apical scar; Pulmonary apical cap
Definition
Apical cap lesion is a localized form of pulmonary fibrosis. Apical cap lesion typically affects the apical pleura of the upper lobes but can also affect lower lobes. The lesion is usually an incidental finding but patients may seldom present with hemoptysis. Higher resolution imaging has allowed for better visualization of this lesion, which may resemble a neoplasm, and prompt a biopsy or resection.
Clinical Features
Incidence
Apical cap lesion is relatively rare.
Age
Apical cap lesion is typically found in patients in the sixth decade of life.
Sex
There is no known gender predilection.
Site
Apical lesion is frequently bilateral and occurs in the apices of upper lobes and less commonly the apices of the lower lung lobes.
Treatment
Excision is curative but unnecessary for this benign condition.
Outcome
Apical cap lesion is uniformly benign.
Macroscopy
Apical cap lesions typically have a gray, wedge shape, and...
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References and Further Reading
Butler, C., & Kleinerman, J. (1970). The pulmonary apical cap. The American Journal of Pathology, 60, 205–217.
Yousem, S. A. (2001). Pulmonary apical cap: A distinctive but poorly recognized lesion in pulmonary surgical pathology. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 25(5), 679–683.
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© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
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Sedrak, M.P. (2018). Apical Cap Lesions. In: Allen, T.C., Suster, S. (eds) Pathology of the Pleura and Mediastinum. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66796-6_344
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66796-6_344
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