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Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology pp 2722–2724Cite as

Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)

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Synonyms

PANAS

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The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson et al. 1988) is a widely used mood measure comprising two brief scales: Positive Affect (PA) and Negative Affect (NA). The PA scale includes 10 positive mood terms (“interested,” “excited,” “strong,” “enthusiastic,” “proud,” “alert,” “inspired,” “determined,” “attentive,” and “active”). The NA scale includes 10 negative mood terms (“distressed,” “upset,” “guilty,” “scared,” “hostile,” “irritable,” “ashamed,” “nervous,” “jittery,” and “afraid”). The PA and NA scales are scored by summing the responses to each set of items.

The PANAS is usually administered as a self-report instrument in which respondents rate their own moods and feelings. Respondents are asked to rate the extent to which they felt each of the 20 terms on a 5-point scale (1 = very slightly or not at all, 2 = a little, 3 = moderately, 4 = quite a bit, 5 = extremely) either (a) “right now (that is, at the present moment)” (moment); (b)...

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References and Readings

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, 124B Haggar Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA

    David Watson

  2. Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA

    Holly Levin-Aspenson

Authors
  1. David Watson
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  2. Holly Levin-Aspenson
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to David Watson .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA

    Jeffrey S. Kreutzer

  2. Kessler Foundation, Pleasant Valley Way, West Orange, NJ, USA

    John DeLuca

  3. Independent Practice, Wynnewood, PA, USA

    Bruce Caplan

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Watson, D., Levin-Aspenson, H. (2018). Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). In: Kreutzer, J.S., DeLuca, J., Caplan, B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_9007

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