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Effects of Biotin Deprivation and Biotin Supplementation

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Handbook of Famine, Starvation, and Nutrient Deprivation

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Abstract

A number of key carboxylase enzymes involved in metabolism depend upon the vitamin biotin for their structure and function. Humans and animals require biotin to be supplied in the diet. Biotin deficiency is relatively rare in the developed world and typically reflects consumption of egg white-enriched or ketogenic diets, whereas deficiency in underdeveloped countries is more likely to be due to biotin-poor diets. The effects of biotin deficiency are not typically life-threatening, but can lead to developmental delays in children, or hair and skin abnormalities in affected individuals. In contrast, biotin supplementation has been shown to provide salutary benefit in some individuals, such as diabetics. Here we examine the biochemistry of biotin, as well as the effects of biotin deficiency and supplementation, with a focus on human health.

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Abbreviations

ACC:

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

HCS:

Holocarboxylase synthetase

MCC:

β-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase

MCD:

Multiple carboxylase deficiency

PAP:

Pancreatitis-associated protein

PC:

Pyruvate carboxylase

PCC:

Propionyl-CoA carboxylase

PEPCK:

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

SMVT:

Sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, 351 Tache Avenue, R2H 2A6, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

    Michael P. Czubryt

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, 351 Tache Avenue, R2H 2A6, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Krishnamurti Dakshinamurti

  3. Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, Biology of Breathing Group, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, University of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, R3E 3P4, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

    Shyamala Dakshinamurti

Authors
  1. Krishnamurti Dakshinamurti
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  2. Shyamala Dakshinamurti
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  3. Michael P. Czubryt
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Correspondence to Michael P. Czubryt .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Diabetes & Nutritional Sci Div Sch, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

    Victor Preedy

  2. Clinical Biochemistry, University of Westminster, Westminster, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

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Dakshinamurti, K., Dakshinamurti, S., Czubryt, M.P. (2017). Effects of Biotin Deprivation and Biotin Supplementation. In: Preedy, V., Patel, V. (eds) Handbook of Famine, Starvation, and Nutrient Deprivation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40007-5_73-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40007-5_73-1

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-40007-5

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