Skip to main content

Ainsworth, Mary

Born: Glendale, Ohio, 1913

Lived: Canada and then United States, primarily Baltimore

Died: Charlottesville, Virginia, 1999

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences
  • 183 Accesses

Mary Ainsworth (1913–1999).

Mary (Dinsworth Salter) Ainsworth was born in Glendale, Ohio, in 1913; her father, a businessman, worked for a large manufacturing firm. Her family then moved to Canada, where she obtained her education, graduating with bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degrees from the University of Toronto. After marriage (to Leonard Ainsworth), she travelled first to England and then to Uganda, where she performed early research, before returning to the United States where she lived and worked for the rest of her life. Ainsworth performed major empirical research into attachment behaviors, utilizing primarily observational methodology. She is credited with developing the classic “Strange Situation” procedure for measurement of infant attachment. Ainsworth died in Charlottesville, Virginia, in 1999, aged 86.

Ainsworth’s Life

Mary Ainsworth was born Mary Dinsworth Salter in Glendale, Ohio, in 1913. Her father worked for a manufacturing firm, her mother was trained as a...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1967). Infancy in Uganda. Baltimore: John’s Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ainsworth, M. D. S., & Bell, S. M. (1970). Attachment, exploration and separation: Illustrated by the behavior of one-year-olds in a strange situation. Child Development, 41, 49–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bowlby, J. (1987). Attachment. In R. L. Gregory (Ed.), The Oxford companion to the mind. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy human development. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bretherton, I. (1992). The origins of attachment theory: John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. Developmental Psychology, 28, 759–775.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bretherton, I. (2003). Mary Ainsworth: Insightful observer and courageous theoretician. In G. A. Kimble & M. Wertheimer (Eds.), Portraits of pioneers in psychology (Vol. 5, pp. 317–331). Mahwah: APA/Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harlow, H. F., & Zimmermann, R. R. (1959). Affectional responses in the infant monkey. Science, 130(3373), 421–431.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kail, R. V., & Barnfield, A. M. C. (2019). Children and their development (4th ed.). Toronto: Pearson Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Main, M. (1999). Mary D. Salter Ainsworth: Tribute and portrait. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 19, 682–736.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mooney, C. G. (2010). Theories of attachment: An introduction to Bowlby, Ainsworth, Gerber, Brazelton, Kennell and Klaus. St. Paul: Redleaf Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salter, M. D. (1940). An evaluation of adjustment based upon the concept of security. University of Toronto studies, child development series no. 18. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anne Barnfield .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Section Editor information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Barnfield, A. (2019). Ainsworth, Mary. In: Zeigler-Hill, V., Shackelford, T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_356-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_356-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-28099-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-28099-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Behavioral Science and PsychologyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences

Publish with us

Policies and ethics