Pathogenic Features of Colorectal Liver Metastasis: Prometastatic and Antimetastatic Genes

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Abstract

The metastatic spread of various malignancies is regulated by prometastatic genes and antimetastatic genes and their products. In addition to the function of these metastasis-associated genes, numerous epigenetic mechanisms affecting the metastatic cascade have been observed. By this approach, a molecular portrait or molecular signatures of cancers prone to metastasis are identified. In metastasizing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver metastases of extrahepatic cancers, alterations of several metastasis suppressor genes have been found. In HCC, well-known members comprise KAI1(CD82) and nm23. Both in HCC and metastasizing colorectal carcinoma, downregulation of KAI1 occurs, thus abolishing the antimetastatic function of this gene. The expression patterns of KAI1 are modulated by various factors, including hepatitis B virus-mediated epigenetic silencing. Nm23, a second antimetastatic protein, acts through its function as a protein that removes prometastatic proteins from the cytosol. In several malignancies, both upregulation and downregulation of this protein were observed.

Keywords

Notch Signaling Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Colorectal Liver Metastasis Notch Receptor Metastasis Suppressor Gene 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Copyright information

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.University of BernBernSwitzerland

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