Neutrino-Driven Explosions

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Abstract

The question why and how core-collapse supernovae (SNe) explode is one of the central and most long-standing riddles of stellar astrophysics. Solving this problem is crucial for deciphering the supernova (SN) phenomenon; for predicting its observable signals such as light curves and spectra, nucleosynthesis yields, neutrinos, and gravitational waves; for defining the role of SNe in the dynamical and chemo-dynamical evolution of galaxies; and for explaining the birth conditions and properties of neutron stars (NSs) and stellar-mass black holes. Since the formation of such compact remnants releases over hundred times more energy in neutrinos than the kinetic energy of the SN explosion, neutrinos can be the decisive agents for powering the SN outburst. According to the standard paradigm of the neutrino-driven mechanism, the energy transfer by the intense neutrino flux to the medium behind the stagnating core bounce shock, assisted by violent hydrodynamic mass motions (sometimes subsumed by the term “turbulence”), revives the outward shock motion and thus initiates the SN explosion. Because of the weak coupling of neutrinos in the region of this energy deposition, detailed, multidimensional hydrodynamic models including neutrino transport and a wide variety of physics are needed to assess the viability of the mechanism. Owing to advanced numerical codes and increasing supercomputer power, considerable progress has been achieved in our understanding of the physical processes that have to act in concert for the success of neutrino-driven explosions. First studies begin to reveal observational implications and avenues to test the theoretical picture by data from individual SNe and SN remnants but also from population-integrated observables. While models will be further refined, a real breakthrough is expected through the next galactic core-collapse SN, when neutrinos and gravitational waves can be used to probe the conditions deep inside the dying star.

Keywords

Explosion Energy Mass Accretion Rate Neutron Star Mass Neutron Star Surface Progenitor Star 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Notes

Acknowledgements

The author is indebted to Thomas Ertl, Michael Gabler, Alexander Summa, and Annop Wongwathanarat for providing graphics used in this article, and to Elena Erastova and Markus Rampp (MPCDF) for their great help in visualizing 3D simulation results. Careful reading of the chapter and comments by Alexander Summa are acknowledged. Research by the author was supported by the European Research Council through an Advanced Grant (ERC-AdG No. 341157-COCO2CASA), by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through the Cluster of Excellence “Universe” (EXC-153), and by supercomputing time from the European PRACE Initiative and the Gauss Centre for Supercomputing.

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Copyright information

© Springer International Publishing AG 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Max Planck Institute for AstrophysicsGarchingGermany

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