Insulin Target Tissues and Cells

Reference work entry

Abstract

Rodent adipose tissue and cells represent the targets exhibiting the most prominent insulin sensitivity (i.e., lowest EC/IC50) and responsiveness (i.e., highest fold stimulation/inhibition above basal) of the relevant insulin signaling cascades (e.g., insulin receptor activation) and metabolic end effector systems (e.g., lipolysis) in comparison to liver (e.g., gluconeogenesis) and muscle cells (e.g., glucose transport). This might be based in part on technical advantages of the adipose tissue/adipocyte preparation in comparison to that of muscle/myocytes. But more likely, it reflects the exquisite physiological role of the adipose tissue in the regulation and coordination of glucose and lipid metabolism, i.e., insulin stimulation of lipid synthesis (lipogenesis) and insulin inhibition of lipolysis. On the basis of their relatively easy technical preparation, functional adipose tissue fragments (epididymal fat pads) and primary adipocytes (isolated epididymal adipocytes) from rats as well as adipocyte cell lines derived from mice (3T3-L1, F442A) are the first choice for the development of robust and reliable cell-/tissue-based assay systems for insulin-like activity.

Keywords

Adipose Tissue Extensor Digitorum Longus RINm5F Cell Human Skeletal Muscle Cell Stromal Vascular Cell 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

References and Further Reading

Epididymal Fat Pads of Rats; Primary Rat Adipocytes

  1. Ball EG, Merrill MA (1961) A manometric assay of insulin and some results of the application of the method to sera and islet-containing tissue. Endocrinology 69:596–607PubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Beigelman PM (1959) Insulin-like activity of normal and diabetic human serum. Diabetes 8:29–35PubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Bijleveld C, Geelen MJH (1987) Measurement of acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity in isolated hepatocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta 918:274–283PubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Ditschuneit H, Chang SA, Pfeiffer M, Pfeiffer EF (1959) Über die Bestimmung von Insulin im Blute am epididymalen Fettanhang der Ratte mit Hilfe markierter Glukose. Klin Wochenschr 37:1234–1239PubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Etherton TD, Chung CS (1981) Preparation, characterization, and insulin sensitivity of isolates swine adipocytes: comparison with adipose tissue slices. J Lipid Res 22:1053–1059PubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Etherton TD, Walker OA (1982) Characterization of insulin binding to isolated swine adipocytes. Endocrinology 110:1720–1724PubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Faulhaber JD, Ditschuneit H (1975) The biological assay of insulin-like serum activity (ILA). In: Hasselblatt A, von Bruchhausen F (eds) Insulin, part 2, vol 32/2, Handbook of experimental pharmacology. Springer, Berlin, pp 671–691Google Scholar
  8. Froesch ER, Bürgi H, Ramseier EB, Bally P, Labhart A (1963) Antibody-suppressible and nonsuppressible insulin-like activities in human serum and their physiologic significance. An insulin assay with adipose tissue of increased precision and specificity. J Clin Invest 42:1816–1834PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  9. Geelen MJH (2005) The use of digitonin-permeabilized mammalian cells for measuring enzyme activities in the course of studies on lipid metabolism. Anal Biochem 347:1–9PubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. Gliemann J (1965) Insulin-like activity of dilute human serum assayed by an isolated adipose cell method. Diabetes 14:643–649PubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. Gliemann J (1967a) Assay of insulin-like activity by the isolated fat cell method. II. The suppressible and non-suppressible insulin-like activity of serum. Diabetologia 3:389–394PubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. Gliemann J (1967b) Insulin assay by the isolated fat cell method. I. Factors influencing the response to crystalline insulin. Diabetologia 3:382–388PubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. Gliemann J, Sørensen HH (1970) Assay of insulin-like activity by the isolated fat cell method. IV. The biological activity of proinsulin. Diabetologia 6:499–504PubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. Gliemann J, Østerlind K, Vinten J, Gammeltoft S (1972) A procedure for measurement of distribution spaces in isolated fat cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 286:1–9PubMedGoogle Scholar
  15. Gordon PB, Tolleshaug H, Seglen PO (1985) Autophagic sequestration of [14C]sucrose introduced into isolated rat hepatocytes by electrical and non-electrical methods. Exp Cell Res 160:449–458PubMedGoogle Scholar
  16. Humbel RE (1959) Messung der Serum–Insulin-Aktivität mit epididymalem Fettgewebe in vitro. Experientia (Basel) 15:256–258Google Scholar
  17. Lepers A, Cacan R, Verbert A (1990) Permeabilized cells as a way of gaining access to intracellular organelles: an approach to glycosylation reactions. Biochemistry 72:1–5Google Scholar
  18. Martin DB, Renold AE, Dagenais YM (1958) An assay for insulin-like activity using rat adipose tissue. Lancet II:76–77Google Scholar
  19. Moody AJ, Stan MA, Stan M (1974) A simple free fat cell bioassay for insulin. Horm Metab Res 6:12–16PubMedGoogle Scholar
  20. Müller G, Wied S, Frick W (2000) Cross talk of pp125FAK and pp59LYN non-receptor tyrosine kinases to insulin-mimetic signaling in adipocytes. Mol Cell Biol 20:4708–4723PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  21. Quon MJ, Zarnowski MJ, Guerre-Millo M, de la Luz SM, Taylor SI, Cushman SW (1993) Transfection of DNA into isolated rat adipose cells by electroporation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 194:338–346PubMedGoogle Scholar
  22. Renold AE, Martin DB, Dagenais YM, Steinke J, Nickerson RJ, Lauris V (1960) Measurement of small quantities of insulin-like activity using rat adipose tissue. I. A proposed procedure. J Clin Invest 39:1487–1498PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  23. Rodbell M (1964) Metabolism of isolated fat cells. I. Effect of hormones on glucose metabolism and lipolysis. J Biol Chem 239:375–380PubMedGoogle Scholar
  24. Schulz I (1990) Permeabilizing cells: some methods and applications for the study of intracellular processes. Methods Enzymol 192:280–300Google Scholar
  25. Shibata H, Robinson FW, Benzing CF, Kono T (1991) Evidence that protein kinase C may not be involved in the insulin action on cAMP phosphodiesterase: studies with electroporated rat adipocytes that were highly responsive to insulin. Arch Biochem Biophys 285:97–104PubMedGoogle Scholar
  26. Siess E, Teinzer A, Wieland O (1965) Eine vereinfachte Methode zur Insulinbestimmung im Serum. Diabetologia 1:201–207Google Scholar
  27. Slater JDH, Samaan N, Fraser R, Stillman D (1961) Immunological studies with circulating insulin. Br Med J I:1712–1715Google Scholar
  28. Sönksen PH, Ellis JP, Lowy C, Rutherford A, Nabarro JDN (1965) Plasma insulin: a correlation between bioassay and immunoassay. Br Med J II:209–210Google Scholar
  29. Steelman SL, Oslapas R, Busch RD (1961) An improved in vitro method for determination of “insulin-like” activity. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 105:595–598Google Scholar
  30. Steinke J, Sirek A, Lauris V, Lukens FDW, Renold AE (1962) Measurement of small quantities of insulin-like activity with rat adipose tissue. III. Persistence of serum insulin-like activity after pancreatectomy. J Clin Invest 41:1699–1707PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  31. Steinke J, Miki E, Cahill GF (1965) Assay of crystalline insulin and of serum insulin-like activity of different species on adipose tissue of the rat, mouse and guinea pig. N Engl J Med 273:1464–1467PubMedGoogle Scholar

Flow Cytometry of Stromal Vascular Cells

  1. Brake DK, Smith EO, Mersmann H, Smith CW, Robker RL (2006) ICAM-1 expression in adipose tissue: effects of diet-induced obesity in mice. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 291:C1232–C1243PubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Caspar-Bauguil S, Cousin B, Galinier A, Segafredo C, Nibbelink M, Andre M, Casteilla L, Penicaud L (2005) Adipose tissues as a ancestral immune organ: site-specific change in obesity. FEBS Lett 579:3487–3491PubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Crossno JT Jr, Majka AM, Grazia T, Gill RG, Klemm DJ (2006) Rosiglitazone promotes development of a novel adipocyte population from bone marrow-derived circulating progenitor cells. J Clin Invest 116:3220–3226PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  4. Hotamisligil GS, Shargill NS, Spiegelman BM (1993) Adipose expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha: direct role in obesity-linked insulin resistance. Science 259:87–92PubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Robker RL, Collins RG, Beaudet AL, Mersmann HJ, Smith CW (2004) Leukocyte migration in adipose tissue of mice null for ICAM-1 and Mac-1 adhesion receptors. Obes Res 12:936–942PubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Weisberg SP, McCann D, Desai M, Rosenbaum M, Leibel RL, Ferrante AW Jr (2003) Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. J Clin Invest 112:1796–1803PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  7. Wu H, Ghosh S, Perrard XD, Feng L, Garcia GE, Perrard JL, Sweeney JF, Peterson LE, Chan L, Smith CW, Ballantyne CM (2007) T-cell accumulation in adipose tissue in obesity. Circulation 115:1029–1035PubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Xu H, Barnes GT, Yang Q, Tan G, Yang D, Chou CJ, Sole J, Nichols A, Ross JS, Tartaglia LA, Chen H (2003) Chronic inflammation in fat plays a crucial role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 112:1821–1829PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  9. Yoshimura K, Shigeura T, Matsumoto D, Sato T, Takaki Y, Aiba-Kojima E, Sato K, Inoue K, Nagase T, Koshima I, Gonda K (2006) Characterization of freshly isolated and cultured cells derived from the fatty and fluid portions of liposuction aspirates. J Cell Physiol 208:64–71PubMedGoogle Scholar

Brown Adipocytes, Primary Culture and Immortalization

  1. Fasshauer M, Klein J, Ueki K, Kriauciunas KM, Benito M, White MF, Kahn CR (2000) Essential role of insulin substrate-2 in insulin stimulation of glut4 translocation and glucose uptake in brown adipocytes. J Biol Chem 275:25494–25501PubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Fasshauer M, Klein J, Kriauciunas KM, Ueki K, Benito M, Kahn CR (2001) Essential role of insulin substrate 1 in differentiation of brown adipocytes. Mol Cell Biol 21:319–329PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar

Conditionally Immortalized Cell Strains

  1. Aust L, Devlin BH, Foster SJ, Halvorsen Y-DC, Hicok K, Kloster AL, du Laney TV, Sen A, Willlingmyre D, Gimble JM (2004) Recovery of human adipose derived adult stem cells from liposuction aspirates. Cytotherapy 6:1–8Google Scholar
  2. Banerjee RR, Lazar MA (2003) Resistin: molecular history and prognosis. J Mol Med 81:218–226PubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Brasaemle DL, Dolios G, Shapiro L, Wang R (2004) Proteomic analysis of proteins associated with lipid droplets of basal and lipolytically stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Biol Chem 279:46835–46842PubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Chan BL, Lisanti MP, Rodriguez-Boulan E, Saltiel AR (1988) Insulin-stimulated release of lipoprotein lipase by metabolism of its phosphatidylinositol anchor. Science 241:1670–1672Google Scholar
  5. Chen X, Cushman SW, Pannell LK, Hess S (2005) Quantitative proteomic analysis of the secretory proteins from rat adipose cells using a 2D liquid chromatography – MS/MS approach. J Proteome Res 4:570–577PubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Choi KL, Wang Y, Tse CA, Lam KS, Cooper GJ, Xu A (2004) Proteomic analysis of adipocyte differentiation: evidence that α2 macroglobulin is involved in the adipose conversion of 3T3L1 preadipocytes. Proteomics 4:1840–1848PubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Clancy BM, Czech MP (1990) Hexose transport stimulation and membrane redistribution of glucose transporter isoforms in response to cholera toxin, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, and insulin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Biol Chem 265:12434–12443PubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. DeLany JP, Floyd ZE, Zvonic S, Smith A, Gravois A, Reiners E, Wu X, Kilroy G, Lefevre M, Gimble JM (2005) Proteomic analysis of primary cultures of human adipose-derived stem cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 4:731–740PubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Dietze D, Koenen M, Röhrig K, Horikoshi H, Hauner H, Eckel J (2002) Impairment of insulin signaling in human skeletal muscle cells by co-culture with human adipocytes. Diabetes 51:2369–2376PubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. Dietze-Schroeder D, Sell H, Uhlig M, Koenen M, Eckel J (2005) Autocrine action of adiponectin on human fat cells prevents the release of insulin resistance-inducing factors. Diabetes 54:2003–2011PubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. Fauth C, O’Hare MJ, Lederer G, Jat PS, Speicher MR (2004) Order of genetic events is critical determinant of aberrations in chromosome count and structure. Chron Cancer 40:298–306Google Scholar
  12. Frost SC, Lane MD (1985) Evidence for the involvement of vicinal sulfhydryl groups in insulin-activated hexose transport by 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Biol Chem 260:2646–2652PubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. Green H, Kehinde O (1974) Sublines of mouse 3T3 cells that accumulate lipid. Cell 1:113–116Google Scholar
  14. Green H, Meuth M (1974) An established pre-adipose cell line and its differentiation in culture. Cell 3:127–133Google Scholar
  15. Gronthos S, Franklin DM, Leddy HA, Storms R, Gimble JM (2001) Characterization of surface protein expression on human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells. J Cell Physiol 189:54–63PubMedGoogle Scholar
  16. Halvorsen Y-DC, Bond A, Sen A, Franklin DM, Lea-Currie YR, Ellis PN, Wilkison WO, Gimble JM (2001) Thiazolidinediones and glucocorticoids synergistically induce differentiation of human adipose tissue stromal cells: biochemical, cellular and molecular analysis. Metabolism 50:407–413PubMedGoogle Scholar
  17. Hauner H, Entenmann G, Wabitsch M, Gaillard D, Ailhaud G, Negrel R, Pfeiffer EF (1989) Promoting effect of glucocorticoids on the differentiation of human adipocyte precursor cells cultured in a chemically defined medium. J Clin Investig 84:1663–1670PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  18. Hresko RC, Heimberg H, Chi MM, Mueckler M (1998) Glucosamine-induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes is caused by depletion of intracellular ATP. J Biol Chem 273:20658–20668Google Scholar
  19. Kletzien RF, Foellmi LA, Harris PKW, Wyse BM, Clarke SD (1992) Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein: regulation of gene expression in vivo and in vitro by an insulin-sensitizing agent. Mol Pharmacol 42:558–562PubMedGoogle Scholar
  20. Lee H-K, Lee B-H, Park S-A, Kim C-W (2006) The proteomic analysis of an adipocyte differentiated from human mesenchymal stem cells using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Proteomics 6:1223–1229PubMedGoogle Scholar
  21. Marshall S, Garvey WT, Geller M (1984) Primary culture of adipocytes. J Biol Chem 259:6376–6384PubMedGoogle Scholar
  22. McGillis JP (2005) White adipose tissue, inert no more. Endocrinology 146:2154–2156PubMedGoogle Scholar
  23. Müller G, Wied S (1993) The sulfonylurea drug, glimepiride, stimulates glucose transport, glucose transporter translocation, and dephosphorylation in insulin-resistant rat adipocytes in vitro. Diabetes 42:1852–1867PubMedGoogle Scholar
  24. Müller G, Wied S, Wetekam EM, Crecelius A, Unkelbach A, Pünter J (1994) Stimulation of glucose utilization in 3T3 adipocytes and rat diaphragm in vitro by the sulphonylureas, glimepiride and glibenclamide, is correlated with modulations of the cAMP regulatory cascade. Biochem Pharmacol 48:985–996Google Scholar
  25. Nakano T, Kodama H, Honjo T (1994) Generation of lymphohematopoietic cells from embryonic stem cells in culture. Science 265:1098–1101PubMedGoogle Scholar
  26. O’Hare MJ, Bond J, Clarke C, Takeuchi Y, Atherton AJ, Berry C (2001) Conditional immortalization of freshly isolated mammary fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:646–651PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  27. Sen A, Lea-Currie YR, Sujkowska D, franklin DM, Wilkison WO, Halvorsen Y-DC, Gimble JM (2001) The adipogenic potential of human adipose derived stromal cells from multiple donors is heterogeneous. J Cell Biochem 81:312–319PubMedGoogle Scholar
  28. Spooner PM, Chernick SS, Garrison MM, Scow RO (1979) Insulin regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity and release in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Biol Chem 254:10021–10029PubMedGoogle Scholar
  29. Stefan N, Stumvoll M (2002) Adiponectin-its role in metabolism and beyond. Horm Metab Res 34:469–474Google Scholar
  30. Student AK, Hsu RY, Lane MD (1980) Induction of fatty acid synthase synthesis in differentiating 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. J Biol Chem 255:4745–4750PubMedGoogle Scholar
  31. Teta D, Tedjani A, Burnier M, Bevington A, Brown J, Harris K (2005) Glucose-containing peritoneal dialysis fluids regulate leptin secretion from 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Nephrol Dial Transplant 20:1329–1335PubMedGoogle Scholar
  32. Welsh GI, Griffiths MR, Webster KJ, Page MJ, Tavare JM (2004) Proteome analysis of adipogenesis. Proteomics 4:1042–1051PubMedGoogle Scholar
  33. Wieland M, Brandenburg C, Brandenburg D, Joost HG (1990) Antagonistic effect of a covalently dimerized insulin derivative on insulin receptors in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87:1154–1158Google Scholar
  34. Wilson-Fritch L, Burkart A, Bell G, Mendelson K, Leszyk J, Nicoloro S, Czech M, Corvera S (2003) Mitochondrial biogenesis and remodeling during adipogenesis and in response to the insulin sensitizer rosiglitazone. Mol Cell Biol 23:1085–1094PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  35. Wolins NE, Quaynor BK, Skinner JR, Schoenfish MJ, Tzekov A, Bickel PE (2005) S3–12, adipophilin, and TIP47 package lipid in adipocytes. J Biol Chem 280:19146–19155PubMedGoogle Scholar
  36. Wolins NE, Quaynor BK, Skinner JR, Tzekov A, Park C, Choi K, Bickel PE (2006) OP9 mouse stromal cells rapidly differentiate into adipocytes: characterization of a useful new model of adipogenesis. J Lipid Res 47:450–46PubMedGoogle Scholar
  37. Zhang P, Klenk ES, Lazzaro MA, Williams LB, Considine RV (2002) Hexosamines regulate leptin production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through transcriptional mechanisms. Endocrinology 143:99–106PubMedGoogle Scholar
  38. Zuber MX, Wang S-M, Thammavaram KV, Reed DK, Reed BC (1985) Elevation of the number of cell-surface insulin receptors and the rate of 2-deoxyglucose uptake by exposure of 3T3-L1 adipocytes to tolbutamide. J Biol Chem 260:14045–14052PubMedGoogle Scholar
  39. Zuk PA, Zhu M, Ashjian P, De Ugarte DA, Huang JI, Mizuno H, Alfonso ZC, Fraser JK, Benhaim P, Hedrick MH (2002) Human adipose tissue is a source of multipotent stem cells. Mol Biol Cell 13:4279–4295PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar

Liver and Hepatocytes

  1. DeFronzo RA, Bonadonna RC, Ferrannini E (1992) Pathogenesis of NIDDM: a balanced overview. Diabetologia 35:389–394PubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Firth R, Bell P, Rizza R (1987) Insulin action in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: the relationship between hepatic and extrahepatic insulin resistance and obesity. Metabolism 36:1091–1095PubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Müller WA, Faloona GR, Aguilar-Parada E (1970) Abnormal alpha-cell function in diabetes: response to carbohydrate and protein ingestion. N Engl J Med 283:109–115PubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Nonogaki K (2000) New sights into sympathetic regulation of glucose and fat metabolism. Diabetologia 43:533–549PubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Valera A, Pujol A, Pelegin M (1994) Transgenic mice overexpressing phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase develop noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91:9151–9154PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  6. Van den Berghe G, Bontemps F, Hers H-G (1980) Purine catabolism in isolated rat hepatocytes. Biochem J 188:913–920PubMedGoogle Scholar

Muscle Tissue and Myocytes

  1. Aas V, Kase ET, Solberg R, Jensen J, Rustan AC (2004) Chronic hyperglycaemia promotes lipogenesis and triacylglycerol accumulation in human skeletal muscle cells. Diabetologia 47:1452–1461PubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Bähr M, von Holtey M, Müller G, Eckel J (1995) Direct stimulation of myocardial glucose transport and glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) and GLUT4 protein expression by the sulfonylurea glimepiride. Endocrinology 136:2547–2553PubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Dohm GL, Tapscott EB, Pories WJ, Dabbs DJ, Flickinger EG, Meelheim D, Fushiki T, Atkinson SM, Elton WE, Caro JF (1988) An in vitro human muscle preparation suitable for metabolic studies. J Clin Invest 82:486–494PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  4. Eckel J, Pandalis G, Reinauer H (1983) Insulin action on the glucose transport system in isolated cardiocytes from adult rat. Biochem J 212:385–392PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  5. Eckel J, Asskamp B, Reinauer H (1991) Induction of insulin resistance in primary cultured adult cardiac myocytes. Endocrinology 129:345–352PubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Ernst CW, White ME (1996) Hormonal regulation of IGF-binding protein-2 expression in C2C12 myoblasts. J Endocrinol 149:417–429PubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Gaster M, Beck-Nielsen H, Schroder HD (2001) Proliferation conditions for human satellite cells. The fractional content of satellite cells. APMIS 109:726–734PubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Henry RR, Abrams L, Nikoulina S, Ciaraldi TP (1995) Insulin action and glucose metabolism in nondiabetic control and NIDDM subjects-comparison using human skeletal muscle cell-cultures. Diabetes 44:936–946PubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. McMahon DK, Anderson PAW, Nassar R, Bunting JB, Saba Z, Oakeley AE, Malouf NN (1994) C2C12 cells: biophysical, biochemical, and immunocytochemical properties. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 266:C1795–C1802Google Scholar
  10. Müller G, Wied S, Wetekam EM, Crecelius A, Pünter J (1994) Stimulation of glucose utilization in 3T3 adipocytes and rat diaphragm in vitro by the sulfonylureas glimiperide and glibenclamide, is correlated with modulations of the cAMP regulatory cycle. Biochem Pharmacol 48:985–996PubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. Muoio DM, Seefeld K, Witters LA, Coleman RA (1999) AMP-activated kinase reciprocally regulates triacylglycerol synthesis and fatty acid oxidation in liver and muscle: evidence that sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase is a novel target. Biochem J 338:783–791PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  12. Schubert D, Harris AJ, Devine CE, Heinemann S (1974) Characterization of a unique muscle cell line. J Cell Biol 61:398–413PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  13. Standaert ML, Shimmel SD, Pollet RJ (1984) The development of insulin receptors and responses in the differentiating non-fusing muscle cell line BC3H1. J Biol Chem 259:2337–2345PubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. Yaffe D, Saxel O (1977) Serial passaging and differentiation of myogenic cells isolated from dystrophic mouse muscle. Nature (London) 270:725–727Google Scholar

Pancreas and Pancreatic β-Cells

  1. Asfari M, Janjic D, Meda P, Li G, Halban PA, Wollheim CB (1992) Establishment of 2-mercaptoethanoldependent differentiated insulin-secreting cell lines. Endocrinology 130:167–178PubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Bhatena SJ, Oie HK, Gazdar AF, Voyles NR, Wilkins SD, Recant L (1982) Insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin receptors on cultured cells and clones from rat islet cell tumor. Diabetes 31:521–531Google Scholar
  3. Boyd III AE, Aguilar-Bryan L, Bryan J, Kunze DL, Moss L, Nelson DA, Rajan AS, Raef H, Xiang H, Yaney GC (1991) Sulfonylurea signal transduction. Rec Progr Horm Res 47:299–317Google Scholar
  4. Brenner M, Mest HJ (2003) Comparison of the insulin secretory kinetics from MIN6 pseudoislets and mouse islets. Naunyn Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol 367(Suppl 1):R73, A279Google Scholar
  5. Busch AK, Cordery D, Denyer GS, Biden TJ (2002) Expression profiling of palmitate- and oleate-regulated genes provides novel insights into the effects of chronic lipid exposure on pancreatic β-cell function. Diabetes 51:977–987PubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Busch AK, Gurisik E, Cordery DV, Sudlow M, Denyer GS, Laybutt DR, Hughes WE, Biden TJ (2005) Increased fatty acid desaturation and enhanced expression of stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase protects pancreatic β-cells from lipoapoptosis. Diabetes 54:2917–2924PubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Chen G, Hohmeier HE, Gasa R, Tran VV, Newgard CB (2000) Selection of insulinoma cell lines with resistance to interleukin-1beta-and gamma-interferon-induced cytotoxicity. Diabetes 49:562–570Google Scholar
  8. Chick WL, Warren S, Chute RN, Like AA, Lauris V, Kitchen KC (1977) A transplantable insulinoma in the rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 74:628–632PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  9. Clark SA, Burnham BL, Chick WL (1990) Modulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion from a rat clonal β-cell line. Endocrinology 127:2779–2788PubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. Erfrat S, Linde S, Kofod H, Spector D, Delannoy M, Grant S, Hanahan D, Baekkekov S (1988) Beta-cell lines derived from transgenic mice expressing a hybrid insulin gene-oncogene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85:9037–9041Google Scholar
  11. Ferber S, Beltrandel Rio H, Johnson JH, Noel R, Becker T, Cassidy LE, Clark S, Hughes SD, Newgard CB (1994) Transfection of rat insulinoma cells with GLUT-2 confers both low and high affinity glucose-stimulated insulin release: relationship to glucokinase activity. J Biol Chem 269:11523–11529PubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. Gazdar AF, Chick WL, Oie HK, Sims HL, King DL, Weir GC, Lauris V (1980) Continuous, clonal, insulin-, and somatostatin-secreting cell lines established from a transplantable rat islet cell tumor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 77:3519–3523PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  13. Halban PA, Praz GA, Wollheim CB (1983) Abnormal glucose metabolism accompanies failure of glucose to stimulate insulin release from a pancreatic cell line (RINm5F). Biochem J 212:439–443PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  14. Hamaguchi K, Gaskins HR, Leiter EH (1991) NIT-1, a pancreatic β-cell line established from a transgenic NOD/Lt mouse. Diabetes 40:842–849PubMedGoogle Scholar
  15. Hanahan D (1985) Heritable formation of pancreatic β-cell tumors in transgenic mice expressing recombinant insulin/SV40 oncogenes. Nature 315:115–122PubMedGoogle Scholar
  16. Hauge-Evans AC, Squires PE, Persaud SJ, Jones PM (1999) Pancreatic beta-cell-to-beta-cell interactions are required for integrated responses to nutrient stimuli: enhanced Ca2+ and insulin secretory responses of MIN6 pseudoislets. Diabetes 48:1402–1408PubMedGoogle Scholar
  17. Hohmeier HE, Beltrandel Rio H, Clark S, Henkel-Rieger R, Normington K, Newgard CB (1997) Regulation of insulin secretion from novel engineered insulinoma cell lines. Diabetes 46:958–967Google Scholar
  18. Hohmeier HE, Mulder H, Chen G, Henkel-Rieger R, Prentki M, Newgard CB (2000) Isolation of INS-1-derived cell lines with robust ATP-sensitive K+ channel-dependent and independent glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Diabetes 49:424–430PubMedGoogle Scholar
  19. Ishihara H, Asano T, Tsukuda K, Katagiri H, Inukai K, Anai M, Kikuchi M, Yazaki Y, Miyazaki JI, Oka Y (1993) Pancreatic β cell line MIN6 exhibits characteristics of glucose metabolism and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion similar to those of normal islets. Diabetologia 36:1139–1145PubMedGoogle Scholar
  20. Janjic D, Maechler P, Sekine N, Bartley C, Annen AS, Wolheim CB (1999) Free radical modulation of insulin release in INS-1 cells exposed to alloxan. Biochem Pharmacol 57:639–648PubMedGoogle Scholar
  21. Knaack D, Fiore DM, Surana M, Leiser M, Laurance M, Fusco-DeMane D, Hegre OD, Fleischer N, Efrat S (1994) Clonal insulinoma cell line that stably maintains correct glucose responsiveness. Diabetes 43:1413–1417PubMedGoogle Scholar
  22. McClenaghan NH, Flatt PR (1999) Engineering cultured insulin-secreting pancreatic B-cell lines. J Mol Med 77:235–243PubMedGoogle Scholar
  23. McClenaghan NH, Elsner M, Tiedge M, Lenzen S (1998) Molecular characterization of the glucose-sensing mechanism in the clonal insulin-secreting BRIN-BD11 cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 242:262–266PubMedGoogle Scholar
  24. Minami K, Yano H, Miki T, Nagashima K, Wang CZ, Tanaka H, Miyazaki JI, Seino S (2000) Insulin secretion and differential gene expression in glucose-responsive and – unresponsive MIN6 sublines. Am J Physiol 279:E773–E781Google Scholar
  25. Miyazaki J, Araki K, Yamato E, Ikegami H, Asano T, Shibasaki Y, Oka Y, Yamamura K (1990) Establishment of a pancreatic β cell line that retains glucose-inducible insulin secretion: special reference to expression of glucose transporter isoforms. Endocrinology 127:126–132PubMedGoogle Scholar
  26. Poitout V, Olson LK, Robertson RP (1996) Insulin-secreting cell lines: classification, characteristics and potential applications. Diabet Metab (Paris) 22:7–14Google Scholar
  27. Praz GA, Halban PA, Wollheim CB, Blondel B, Strauss AJ, Renold AE (1983) Regulation of immunoreactive-insulin release from a rat cell line (RINm5F). Biochem J 210:345–352PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  28. Rhodes CJ (2005) Type 2 diabetes – a matter of beta-cell life and death. Science 21:380–384Google Scholar
  29. Roderigo-Milne H, Hauge-Evans AC, Persaud SJ, Jones PM (2002) Differential expression of insulin genes 1 and 2 in MIN6 cells and pseudoislets. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 296:589–595PubMedGoogle Scholar
  30. Santerre RF, Cook RA, Crisek RMD, Sharp JD, Schmidt RJ, William DC, Wilson CP (1981) Insulin synthesis in a clonal cell line of simian virus 40-transformed hamster pancreatic beta cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 78:4339–4343PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  31. Simpson AM, Tuch BE, Swan MA, Tu J, Marshall GM (1995) Functional expression of the human insulin gene in a human hepatoma cell line (HEP G2). Gene Ther 2:223–231PubMedGoogle Scholar
  32. Simpson AM, Beynon S, Maxwell L, Tuch BE, Marshall GM (1996) Dynamic insulin secretion and storage in a human hepatoma cell line – HEP G2ins/g. Diabetes 45(Suppl 2):27AGoogle Scholar
  33. Skelly RH, Bollheimer LC, Wicksteed BL, Corkey BE, Rhodes CJ (1998) A distinct difference in the metabolic stimulus–response coupling pathways for regulating proinsulin biosynthesis and insulin secretion that lies at the level of a requirement of fatty acyl moieties. Biochem J 331:553–561PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  34. Tuch BE, Beynon S, Tabiin MT, Sassoon R, Goodman RJ, Simpson AM (1997) Effect of β-cell toxins on genetically engineered insulin-secreting cells. J Autoimmun 10:239–244PubMedGoogle Scholar
  35. Zhou D, Sun AM, Li X, Mamujee SN, Vacek I, Gerogiou J, Wheeler MB (1998) In vitro and in vivo evaluation of insulin-producing βTC6-F7 cells in microcapsules. Am J Physiol 43:C1356–C1362Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Helmholtz Center Munich, Institute for Diabetes and ObesityMunichGermany

Personalised recommendations