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Dietary Polysaccharides and Immune Modulation

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Polysaccharides

Abstract

Polysaccharides from fungi and plants are of great economic and clinical interest and exhibit a wide variety of biological activities. They have emerged as an important class of bioactive natural products with nutraceutical and chemopreventive properties and are relatively nontoxic. The activity of polysaccharides is determined by their conformation, composition, and size. Among polysaccharides with higher biological activity, β-glucans are the most important, and they vary in conformational complexity, molecular weight, and number of branches. These characteristics can alter the biochemical and solubility properties and also influence their biological properties, such as immunomodulation and antitumor activities; metastasis inhibition; increased host resistance to bacterial, viral, parasitic, and some microbial infections; and have antimutagenic, antiallergic, regenerative, antithrombogenic, anticoagulative, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, radioprotective, and antidiabetic effects. This chapter summarizes the immune mechanisms, biological properties, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of dietary polysaccharides primarily from fungi.

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Abbreviations

AbM:

Agaricus blazei Murill water extract

ABP-AW1:

Low molecular weight polysaccharides isolated from Agaricus blazei Murill

AdvAMB:

Advanced ambrotose

AMB:

Ambrotose complex

APCs:

Antigen presenting cells

BG:

β-1,3/1,6-glucans derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

CD:

Crohn’s disease

CR3:

Complement receptor 3

DAMPs:

Damage-associated molecular patterns

DCs:

Dendritic cells

DNA-PK:

DNA-dependent protein kinase

DSS:

Dextran sulphate sodium

GALT:

Gut-associated lymphoid tissue

IBD:

Inflammatory bowel disease

IFN-γ:

Interferon-gamma

IgA:

Immunoglobulin A

IL:

Interleukin

MAPK:

p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor kappa B

NK:

Natural killer cells

NO:

Nitric oxide

NOAEL:

No observed adverse effect level

OVA:

Ovalbumin

PAMPs:

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns

PRRs:

Pattern-recognition receptors

SG:

Soluble glucans

SP1:

Sulfated polysaccharides isolated from Caulerpa lentillifera

TCR:

T cell receptor

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor-beta

TLRs:

Toll-like receptors

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

UC:

Ulcerative colitis

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Acknowledgement

We are grateful to the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), FAPESPA, FAPERGS, Federal University of Pará and the Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre for granting financial support for this work. PRT Romão and MC Monteiro were recipients of fellowships from CNPq.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Engineering, Midwest State University-UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil

    Herta Stutz Dalla Santa

  2. Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

    Pedro Roosevelt Torres Romão & Alessandra Peres

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences - Polytechnic Center Campus, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil

    Vanessa Sovrani

  4. Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), 66075-110, Belém-PA, Brazil

    Fabio Rodrigues Oliveira & Marta Chagas Monteiro

Authors
  1. Herta Stutz Dalla Santa
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  2. Pedro Roosevelt Torres Romão
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  3. Vanessa Sovrani
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  4. Fabio Rodrigues Oliveira
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  5. Alessandra Peres
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  6. Marta Chagas Monteiro
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Correspondence to Marta Chagas Monteiro .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Botany Department, M.L.Sukhadia University, Badgaon, India

    Kishan Gopal Ramawat

  2. Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France

    Jean-Michel Mérillon

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Santa, H.S.D., Romão, P.R.T., Sovrani, V., Oliveira, F.R., Peres, A., Monteiro, M.C. (2014). Dietary Polysaccharides and Immune Modulation. In: Ramawat, K., Mérillon, JM. (eds) Polysaccharides. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03751-6_6-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03751-6_6-1

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