Encyclopedia of Geodesy

Living Edition
| Editors: Erik Grafarend

Geodesy in Polar Regions

  • Mirko Scheinert
  • Martin Horwath
  • Reinhard Dietrich
  • Ralf Rosenau
  • Christoph Knöfel
Living reference work entry
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02370-0_41-1
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Synonyms

Polar geodesy

Definition

Due to F. R. Helmert (1880), geodesy is the science of surveying and mapping the Earth’s surface. In the modern understanding of geodesy, this means to determine the figure of the Earth: the geometry of the Earth’s surface and the (exterior) gravity field of the Earth with its distinct equipotential surface, the geoid, to determine the orientation of the Earth in space as well as temporal changes of all these quantities. This definition holds also for the application of geodesy in polar regions.

Introduction

The polar regions can be defined as those high-latitude regions bounded by the Arctic Circle to the south and by the Antarctic Circle to the north. Due to the obliquity of the ecliptic, the polar circles are situated at the latitudes 66.56° north and south, respectively. For the Antarctic, the limit is often taken at 60°S due to the Antarctic Treaty (signed 1959, effective since 1961) (Sir Watts, 1992). In the north, the Arctic Ocean is almost...

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Web Links

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  2. GIANT: SCAR Expert Group on Geodetic Infrastructure in Antarctica. http://www.scar.org/ssg/geosciences/giant. Accessed 16 Feb 2015.
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Copyright information

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014

Authors and Affiliations

  • Mirko Scheinert
    • 1
  • Martin Horwath
    • 1
  • Reinhard Dietrich
    • 1
  • Ralf Rosenau
    • 1
  • Christoph Knöfel
    • 1
  1. 1.Institut für Planetare GeodäsieTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany