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Encyclopedia of AIDS pp 1–16Cite as

Origin and Distribution of HIV-1 Subtypes

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Definition

HIV-1 displays a high genetic diversity that can be classified into clades, called subtypes. HIV-1 subtypes represent separate epidemics with independent evolutionary histories that occasionally overlap to generate recombinant forms. The stratification of HIV-1 strains into subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) is useful to study the impact of HIV-1 genetic diversity on pathogenesis, disease progression, treatment including resistance development, molecular epidemiology, and vaccine design. Furthermore, such a classification provides a way to monitor the evolution of different subtype epidemics, its geographic distribution, and its spread across countries, continents, and risk groups.

HIV Genetic Diversity

HIV accumulates mutations at an alarming rate, mainly due to its error-prone replication cycle, vast virus burden, and high recombination rate. This fast evolution allows the virus to adapt quickly upon attack by the immune system and to resist drug treatment...

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Institute for Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

    Ana Abecasis & Anne-Mieke Vandamme

  2. International Public Health and Biostatistics Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

    Ana Abecasis

  3. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven–University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

    Anne-Mieke Vandamme

  4. Unit for Microbiology, Institute for Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

    Anne-Mieke Vandamme

Authors
  1. Ana Abecasis
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  2. Anne-Mieke Vandamme
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ana Abecasis .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Cell & Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Thomas J. Hope

  2. Office of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA

    Mario Stevenson

  3. University of California, San Diego Dept. Pathology, La Jolla, California, USA

    Douglas Richman

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Abecasis, A., Vandamme, AM. (2015). Origin and Distribution of HIV-1 Subtypes. In: Hope, T., Stevenson, M., Richman, D. (eds) Encyclopedia of AIDS. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9610-6_130-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9610-6_130-2

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-9610-6

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