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Encyclopedia of Database Systems pp 189–192Cite as

Audio

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Synonyms

Audible sound

Definition

Audio refers to audible sound – the sound perceivable by the human hearing system, or the sound of a frequency belonging to the audible frequency range (20–20,000 Hz). Audio can be generated from various sources and perceived as speech, music, voices, noise, or any combinations of these. The perception of an audible sound starts by the sound pressure waves hitting the eardrum of the outer ear. The generated vibrations are transmitted to the cochlea of the inner ear to produce mechanical displacements along the basilar membrane. These displacements are further transduced into electrical activity along the auditory nerve fibers, and finally “analyzed” and “understood” in the central auditory system [4, 7].

Historical Background

The step from the fundamental definition of audio towards the concept of audio signalcan be seen as a step towards the birth of the modern consumer electronics. An audio signal is a signal that contains audio information in the...

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Recommended Reading

  1. Haitsma J, Kalker T. A highly robust audio fingerprinting system with an efficient search strategy. J New Music Res. 2003;32(2):211–21.

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  2. ISO/IEC 11172-3:1993. Information technology – coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s – part 3: Audio; 1993.

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  3. ISO/IEC 13818-3:1998. Information technology – generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information – part 3: Audio; 1998.

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  4. Pickles JO. An introduction to the physiology of hearing. London: Academic; 1988.

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  5. Spanias A, Painter T, Atti V. Audio signal processing and coding. Hoboken: Wiley; 2007.

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  6. Wold E, Blum T, Wheaton J. Content-based classification, search and retrieval of audio. IEEE Multimedia. 1996;3(3):27–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Yang X, Wang K, Shamma SA. Auditory representations of acoustic signals. IEEE Trans Inform Theory. 1992;38(2):824–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China

    Lie Lu

  2. Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands

    Alan Hanjalic

Authors
  1. Lie Lu
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  2. Alan Hanjalic
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lie Lu .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Georgia Institute of Technology College of Computing, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Ling Liu

  2. University of Waterloo School of Computer Science, Waterloo, ON, Canada

    M. Tamer Özsu

Section Editor information

  1. Dept. of Computer Science, New Jersey Inst. of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA

    Vincent Oria

  2. Digital Content and Media Sciences ReseaMultimedia Information Research Division, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan

    Shin'ichi Satoh

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Cite this entry

Lu, L., Hanjalic, A. (2018). Audio. In: Liu, L., Özsu, M.T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Database Systems. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8265-9_1527

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