HIV and Cognitive Functioning
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Synonyms
Definition
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has allowed an increasing number of individuals to manage HIV as a chronic disease. An estimated 70% of the United States HIV population will be over 50 years of age by 2020. Despite the success of HAART in prolonging life expectancy of persons living with HIV, neurocognitive disturbances resulting from HIV remain complex and clinically significant. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are a spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases associated with HIV infection. HAND is subdivided into three categories based on neurocognitive disease severity and impact on everyday functioning: asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI), mild neurocognitive disorder (MND), and HIV-associated dementia (HAD), with HAD being the most severe of the three.
Description
Etiology
The exact etiology of the neuropathogenesis of HAND is unclear. Within days of exposure, HIV invades the brain,...
Keywords
Neurocognitive Disorder Neurocognitive Functioning AIDs Dementia Complex Central Nervous System Penetration Asymptomatic Neurocognitive ImpairmentReferences and Further Readings
- Robertson, K. R., Robertson, W. T., Ford, S., Watson, D., Fiscus, S., Harp, G., & Hall, C. (2004). Highly active antiretroviral therapy improves neurocognitive functioning. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 36(1), 562.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Weber, E., Blackstone, K., & Woods, S. P. (2013). Cognitive neurorehabilitation of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: A qualitative review and call to action. Neuropsychology Review, 23, 81–98.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
- Woods, S. P., Moore, D. J., Weber, E., & Grant, I. (2009). Cognitive neuropsychology of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Neuropsychology Review, 19(2), 152–168.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar