Molecular Life Sciences

Living Edition
| Editors: Robert D. Wells, Judith S. Bond, Judith Klinman, Bettie Sue Siler Masters, Ellis Bell

Bacterial DNA Replicases

Living reference work entry
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6436-5_54-2
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Synopsis

Bacterial replicases are complex, tripartite replicative machines. They contain a polymerase, Pol III; a processivity factor, β2; and an ATPase, DnaX complex, which loads β2 onto DNA and chaperones Pol III onto the loaded β2. Bacterial replicases are highly processive yet cycle rapidly during Okazaki fragment synthesis in a regulated way. Many bacteria encode both a full-length τ and a shorter γ form of DnaX by a variety of mechanisms. γ is uniquely placed relative to two τ protomers in a pentameric ring. The catalytic subunit of Pol III, α, contains a PHP domain that not only binds to prototypical ε, a Mg++-dependent exonuclease but also contains a second Zn++-containing proofreading exonuclease, at least in some bacteria. Replication of the chromosomes of low-GC Gram-positive bacteria requires two Pol IIIs, one of which, DnaE, appears to only extend RNA primers a short distance before handing the product off to the major replicase, PolC. Other bacteria encode a second Pol...

Keywords

Replication Fork Clamp Loader Okazaki Fragment Primed Template Prime Terminus 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of ColoradoBoulderUSA