Complex Sputum Microbial Composition in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Synonyms
Definitions
Pulmonary tuberculosis patients: the patients were clinically diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis based on sputum smear, sputum culture, and computed tomography results. All patients were free of HIV. None of the patients had taken antibiotics for at least 3 months before sampling.
Healthy participants: the participants were free of basic pulmonary diseases, severe lung disease, severe oral disease, systemic disease, and other known diseases such as obesity or diabetes, which could affect the microbial composition of the respiratory tract. Volunteers with a history of smoking or drinking were also excluded. The healthy participants had not taken any antibiotics for at least 3 months before sampling. The samples from healthy participants were a mixture of saliva and pharyngeal secretions collected by deep coughing in the early morning before gargling.
Microbiota: the bacterial composition.
Introduction
Chron...
Keywords
Lower Respiratory Tract Pulmonary Tuberculosis Healthy Participant Microbial Composition Respiratory SecretionReferences
- Ardies CM. Inflammation as cause for scar cancers of the lung. Integr Cancer Ther. 2003;2(3):238–46.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Blaser MJ, Falkow S. What are the consequences of the disappearing human microbiota? Nat Rev Microbiol. 2009;7(12):887–94.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Chakravorty S, Helb D, Burday M, Connell N, Alland D. A detailed analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene segments for the diagnosis of pathogenic bacteria. J Microbiol Methods. 2007;69(2):330–9.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Charlson ES, Bittinger K, Haas AR, Fitzgerald AS, Frank I, Yadav A, Bushman FD, Collman RG. Topographical continuity of bacterial populations in the healthy human respiratory tract. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;184(8):957–63.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Chuvochina MS, Marie D, Chevaillier S, Petit JR, Normand P, Alekhina IA, Bulat SA. Community variability of bacteria in alpine snow (Mont Blanc) containing Saharan dust deposition and their snow colonisation potential. Microbes Environ. 2011;26(3):237–47.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Coenye T, Goris J, Spilker T, Vandamme P, LiPuma JJ. Characterization of unusual bacteria isolated from respiratory secretions of cystic fibrosis patients and description of Inquilinus limosus gen. nov., sp. nov. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40(6):2062–9.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Cui Z, Zhou Y, Li H, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Tang S, Guo X. Complex sputum microbial composition in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. BMC Microbiol. 2012;12(1):276.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Delhaes L, Monchy S, Frealle E, Hubans C, Salleron J, Leroy S, Prevotat A, Wallet F, Wallaert B, Dei-Cas E, et al. The airway microbiota in cystic fibrosis: a complex fungal and bacterial community–implications for therapeutic management. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(4):e36313.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Fishman JA. Infections in immunocompromised hosts and organ transplant recipients: essentials. Liver Transpl. 2011;17 Suppl 3:S34–7.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Han MK, Huang YJ, Lipuma JJ, Boushey HA, Boucher RC, Cookson WO, Curtis JL, Erb-Downward J, Lynch SV, Sethi S, et al. Significance of the microbiome in obstructive lung disease. Thorax. 2012;67(5):456–63.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Huang YJ, Lynch SV. The emerging relationship between the airway microbiota and chronic respiratory disease: clinical implications. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2011;5(6):809–21.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Huang HY, Tsai YS, Lee JJ, Chiang MC, Chen YH, Chiang CY, Lin NT, Tsai PJ. Mixed infection with Beijing and non-Beijing strains and drug resistance pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol. 2010;48(12):4474–80.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Khan Z, Miller A, Bachan M, Donath J. Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC) lung disease in two inner city community hospitals: recognition, prevalence, co-infection with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) and Pulmonary Function (PF) improvements after treatment. Open Respir Med J. 2010;4:76–81.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Robinson CJ, Bohannan BJ, Young VB. From structure to function: the ecology of host-associated microbial communities. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2010;74(3):453–76.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Ryan MP, Adley CC. Sphingomonas paucimobilis: a persistent Gram-negative nosocomial infectious organism. J Hosp Infect. 2010;75(3):153–7.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Sansonetti PJ. To be or not to be a pathogen: that is the mucosally relevant question. Mucosal Immunol. 2011;4(1):8–14.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Staley JT, Konopka A. Measurement of in situ activities of nonphotosynthetic microorganisms in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1985;39:321–46.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Young D, Stark J, Kirschner D. Systems biology of persistent infection: tuberculosis as a case study. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2008;6(7):520–8.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Zhou Y, Lin P, Li Q, Han L, Zheng H, Wei Y, Cui Z, Ni Y, Guo X. Analysis of the microbiota of sputum samples from patients with lower respiratory tract infections. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2010;42(10):754–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar