Glossary
- First-order Logic :
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A formal logic system in mathematics distinguished from propositional logic by its use of quantified variables
- Deductive Reasoning :
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The process of reasoning from one or more general statements (premises) to reach a logic conclusion
- Tableaux :
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A proof procedure for formulas of first-order logic based on tree expansion
- Resolution :
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A proof procedure for formulas of first-order logic based on a set of inference rules for clauses
Definition
When considering logical reasoning, it is often divided into three basic paradigms: deductive, inductive, and abductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning concerns what follows necessarily from the given premises (if α, then β) in a top-down approach, while inductive reasoning, the opposite of deductive reasoning, tries to derive a reliable generalization from observations in a bottom-up approach. Abductive reasoning is seeking the explanation for given rules and conclusions (if α → β and β, then perhaps α.) For each of them,...
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Recommended Reading
Gabbay D, Hogger C, Robinson, J (1994) Handbook of logic in artificial intelligence and logic programming. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Acknowledgment
This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under award 1017225 “III: Small: TROn—Tractable Reasoning with Ontologies.”
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Wang, C., Hitzler, P. (2014). Reasoning. In: Alhajj, R., Rokne, J. (eds) Encyclopedia of Social Network Analysis and Mining. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6170-8_115
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