Fuzzy Combinatorial Optimization Problems

Reference work entry

Abstract

Decision-making is an ongoing process for humankind. Many of these real-world decisions can be modeled using the problems contained in the generalized area of combinatorial optimization. Another area with recent advancements is fuzzy logic.

This chapter is concerned about the fuzzy solution approaches of combinatorial optimization problems. First section presents the fuzzy graph theory. Fuzzy linear programming and fuzzy integer programming are explained in second and third sections. Fuzzy spanning trees, fuzzy shortest path, fuzzy network flows, and the fuzzy minimum cost flow problems are introduced at Sects. 4–7. Fuzzy matching algorithm, fuzzy matroids, and fuzzy approximation algorithm are discussed in Sects. 8–10. Basic information on fuzzy knapsack and fuzzy bin-packing problems is given in Sects. 11 and 12. Fuzzy multicommodity flows and edge-disjoint paths are explained in Sect. 13 in detail with four subsections. Fuzzy network design problems and fuzzy traveling salesman problem are provided in Sects. 14 and 15 respectively. Finally, fuzzy facility location is presented in the last section.

Keywords

Fuzzy Number Travel Salesman Problem Steiner Tree Problem Fuzzy Random Variable Fuzzy Graph 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Recommended Reading

  1. 1.
    R. Diestel, Graph Theory (Springer, New York, 1997)MATHGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    H. Korte, J. Vygen, Combinatorial Optimization Theory and Algorithms, 4th edn. (Springer, Berlin, 2008)Google Scholar
  3. 3.
    A. Rosenfeld, Fuzzy graphs, in Fuzzy Sets and Their Applications, ed. by L.A. Zadeh, K.S. Fu, M. Shimura (Academic, New York, 1975), pp. 77–95Google Scholar
  4. 4.
    P. Bhattacharya, Some remarks on fuzzy graphs. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 6, 297–302 (1987)MATHGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    F. Harary, Graph Theory, Indian Student Edition, (Narosa/Addison Wesley, New Delhi, 1988)Google Scholar
  6. 6.
    K.R. Bhutani, On automorphism of fuzzy graphs. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 12, 413–420 (1991)Google Scholar
  7. 7.
    M.S. Sunitha, A.A. Vijayakumar, Characterization of fuzzy trees. Inf. Sci. 113, 293–300 (1999)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    J.N. Mordeson, P.S. Nair, Fuzzy Graphs and Fuzzy Hypergraphs (Physica, Heidelberg, 2000)MATHGoogle Scholar
  9. 9.
    A. NagoorGani, M. BasheerAhamed, Order and size in fuzzy graph. Bull. Pure Appl. Sci. 22E(1), 145–148 (2003)Google Scholar
  10. 10.
    A.N. Gani, K. Radha, On regular fuzzy graphs. J. Phys. Sci. 12, 33–40 (2008)Google Scholar
  11. 11.
    P. Bhattacharya, F. Suraweera, An algorithm to compute the max–min powers and a property of fuzzy graphs. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 12, 413–420 (1991)Google Scholar
  12. 12.
    Z. Tong, D. Zheng, An algorithm for finding the connectedness matrix of a fuzzy graph. Congr. Numer. 120, 189–192 (1996)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    J. Xu, The use of fuzzy graphs in chemical structure research, in Fuzzy Logic in Chemistry, ed. by D.H. Rouvry (Academic, San Diego, 1997), pp. 249–282Google Scholar
  14. 14.
    S. Mathew, M.S. Sunitha, Types of arcs in a fuzzy graph. Inf. Sci. 179, 1760–1768 (2009)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    M.S. Sunitha, A. Vijayakumar, Some metric aspects of fuzzy graphs, in Proceedings of the Conference on Graph Connections, ed. by R. Balakrishna, H.M. Mulder, A. Vijayakumar (CUSAT, Allied Publishers, New Delhi, 1999), pp. 111–114Google Scholar
  16. 16.
    M.S. Sunitha, A. Vijayakumar, Blocks in fuzzy graphs. J. Fuzzy Math. 13(1), 13–23 (2005)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    M.S. Sunitha, A. Vijayakumar, Complement of a fuzzy graph. Indian J. Pure Appl. Math. 33(9), 1451–1464 (2002)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    K.R. Bhutani, A. Rosenfeld, Fuzzy end nodes in fuzzy graphs. Inf. Sci. 152, 323–326 (2003)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    K.R. Bhutani, A. Rosenfeld, Geodesics in fuzzy graphs. Electron. Notes Discret. Math. 15, 51–54 (2003)MathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    K. Sameena, M.S. Sunitha, Strong arcs and maximum spanning trees in fuzzy graphs. Int. J. Math. Sci. 5(1), 17–20 (2006)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    K. Sameena, M.S. Sunitha, Characterisation of g-self centered fuzzy graphs. J. Fuzzy Math. 16(4), 787–792 (2008)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    K. Sameena, M.S. Sunitha, Distance in fuzzy graphs. Ph.D. Thesis, National Institute of Technology Calicut, India, 2008Google Scholar
  23. 23.
    P. Gupta, M. KumarMehlawat, Bector–Chandra type duality in fuzzy linear programming with exponential membership functions. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 160, 3290–3308 (2009)MATHGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    N. Mahdavi-Amiria, S.H. Nasseria, Duality results and a dual simplex method for linear programming problems with trapezoidal fuzzy variables. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 158, 1961–1978 (2007)Google Scholar
  25. 25.
    J. Ramík, Duality in fuzzy linear programming with possibility and necessity relations. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 157, 1283–1302 (2006)MATHGoogle Scholar
  26. 26.
    M. Inuiguchi, Necessity measure optimization in linear programming problems with fuzzy polytopes. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 158, 1882–1891 (2007)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  27. 27.
    Y.K. Wua, S.M. Guub, J.C. Liu, Reducing the search space of a linear fractional programming problem under fuzzy relational equations with max-Archimedean t-norm composition. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 159, 3347–3359 (2008)Google Scholar
  28. 28.
    A. Kumar, J. Kaur, P. Singh, A new method for solving fully fuzzy linear programming problems. Appl. Math. Model. 35, 817–823 (2011)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  29. 29.
    H. Lotfi, T. Allahviranloo, M.A. Jondabeh, L. Alizadeh, Solving a full fuzzy linear programming using lexicography method and fuzzy approximate solution F. Appl. Math. Model. 33, 3151–3156 (2009)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  30. 30.
    X. Zenga, S. Kanga, F. Li, L. Zhang, P. Guo, Fuzzy multi-objective linear programming applying to crop area planning. Agric. Water Manage. 98, 134–142 (2010)Google Scholar
  31. 31.
    T. Liang, Distribution planning decisions using interactive fuzzy multi-objective linear programming. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 157, 1303–1316 (2006)MATHGoogle Scholar
  32. 32.
    D. Peidro, J. Mula, M. Jimenez, M. Botella, A fuzzy linear programming based approach for tactical supply chain planning in an uncertainty environment. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 205, 65–80 (2010)MATHGoogle Scholar
  33. 33.
    J.J. Buckley, T. Feuring, Evolutionary algorithm solution to fuzzy problems: fuzzy linear programming. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 109, 35–53 (2000)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  34. 34.
    S. Chanas, P. Zielinski, On the equivalence of two optimization methods for fuzzy linear programming problems. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 121, 56–63 (2000)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  35. 35.
    C. Stanciulescu, Ph. Fortemps, M. Instale, V. Wertz, Multi objective fuzzy linear programming problems with fuzzy decision variables. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 149, 654–675 (2003)MATHGoogle Scholar
  36. 36.
    M. Sadeghi, H.M. Hosseini, Energy supply planning in Iran by using fuzzy linear programming approach (regarding uncertainties of investment costs). Energy Policy 34, 993–1003 (2006)Google Scholar
  37. 37.
    X. Liu, Measuring the satisfaction of constraints in fuzzy linear programming. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 122, 263–275 (2001)MATHGoogle Scholar
  38. 38.
    L.H. Chen, W.C. Ko, Fuzzy linear programming models for new product design using QFD with FMEA. Appl. Math. Model. 33, 633–647 (2009)MATHGoogle Scholar
  39. 39.
    H. Katagiri, M. Sakawa, K. Kato, I. Nishizaki, Interactive multi objective fuzzy random linear programming: maximization of possibility and probability. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 188, 530–539 (2008)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  40. 40.
    R. Bellman, L.A. Zadeh, Decision making in a fuzzy environment. Manage. Sci. 17B, 141–164 (1970)MathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  41. 41.
    H.J. Zimmermann, Fuzzy programming and linear programming with several objective functions. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 1, 45–55 (1978)MATHGoogle Scholar
  42. 42.
    F. Herrera, J.L. Verdegay, H.J. Zimmermann, Boolean programming with fuzzy constraints. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 55, 285–293 (1993)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  43. 43.
    M.S. Osman, O.M. Saad, A.G. Hasan, Solving a special class of large-scale fuzzy multi objective integer linear programming problems. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 107, 289–297 (1999)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  44. 44.
    J.J. Buckley, L.J. Jowers, Monte Carlo Methods in Fuzzy Optimization (Springer, Berlin, 2008)MATHGoogle Scholar
  45. 45.
    K. Eshghi, J. Nematian, Special classes of fuzzy integer programming models with all-different constraints. Sci. Iran. Trans. E 16, 1–10 (2009)Google Scholar
  46. 46.
    R.R. Tan, Using fuzzy numbers to propagate uncertainty in matrix-based LCI.LCI. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 13, 585–593 (2008)Google Scholar
  47. 47.
    R.R. Tan, A.B. Culaba, K.B. Aviso, A fuzzy linear programming extension of the general matrix-based life cycle model. J. Clean. Prod. 16, 1358–1367 (2008)Google Scholar
  48. 48.
    A.S. Asratian, N.N. Kuzjurin, Two sensitivity theorems in fuzzy integer Programming. Discret. Appl. Math. 134, 129–140 (2004)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  49. 49.
    G.H. Huang, W. Baetz, G. Patry, Grey fuzzy integer programming: an application to regional waste management planning under uncertainty. Socio-Econ. Plan. Sci. 29(1), 17–38 (1995)Google Scholar
  50. 50.
    R.R. Tan, D.K.S. Ng, D.C.Y. Foo, K.B. Aviso, Crisp and fuzzy integer programming models for optimal carbon sequestration retrofit in the power sector. Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 88, 1580–1588 (2010)Google Scholar
  51. 51.
    A.H. Gharehgozli, R.T. Moghaddam, N. Zaerpour, A fuzzy-mixed-integer goal programming model for a parallel-machine scheduling problem with sequence-dependent set up times and release dates. Robot. Comput.-Integr. Manuf. 25, 853–859 (2009)Google Scholar
  52. 52.
    Y.P. Li, G.H. Huang, X.H. Nie, S.L. Nie, A two-stage fuzzy robust integer programming approach for capacity planning of environmental management systems. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 189, 399–420 (2008)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  53. 53.
    M. Allahviranloo, S. Afandizadeh, Investment optimization on port’s development by fuzzy integer programming. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 186, 423–434 (2008)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  54. 54.
    O.E. Emam, A fuzzy approach for bi-level integer non-linear programming problem. Appl. Math. Comput. 172, 62–71 (2006)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  55. 55.
    S. Vajda, Probabilistic Programming (Academic, New York, 1972)Google Scholar
  56. 56.
    M. Sakawa, Fuzzy Sets and Interactive Optimization (Plenum, New York, 1993)MATHGoogle Scholar
  57. 57.
    J. Gao, M. Lu, Fuzzy quadratic minimum spanning tree problem. Appl. Math. Comput. 164, 773–788 (2005)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  58. 58.
    H. Katagiri, M. Sakawaa, H. Ishii, Fuzzy random bottleneck spanning tree problems using possibility and necessity measures. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 152, 88–95 (2004)MATHGoogle Scholar
  59. 59.
    H. Katagiri, E.B. Mermri, M. Sakawa, K. Kato, A study on fuzzy random minimum spanning tree problems through possibilistic programming and the expectation optimization model, in The 47th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Hiroshima, Japan, (2004), pp. III-49–52Google Scholar
  60. 60.
    S. Moazeni, Fuzzy shortest path problem with finite fuzzy quantities. Appl. Math. Comput. 183, 160–169 (2006)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  61. 61.
    T.N. Chuang, J.Y. Kung, The fuzzy shortest path length and the corresponding shortest path in a network. Comput. Oper. Res. 32, 1409–1428 (2005)MathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  62. 62.
    T.-N. Chuang, J.Y. Kung, A new algorithm for the discrete fuzzy shortest path problem in a network. Appl. Math. Comput. 174, 1660–1668 (2006)MathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  63. 63.
    F. Hernandes, A. Yamakami, Um algoritmopara o problema de caminhomínimoemgrafos com custosnos arcos fuzzy, in XV CongressoBrasileiro de Automática, Gramado, RS, 2004Google Scholar
  64. 64.
    J.A. Moreno, J.M. Moreno, J.L. Verdegay, Fuzzy location problems on networks. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 142, 393–405 (2004)MATHGoogle Scholar
  65. 65.
    S.M.A. Nayeem, M. Pal, Shortest path problem on a network with imprecise edge weight. Fuzzy Optim. Decis. Mak. 4, 293–312 (2005)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  66. 66.
    S. Okada, Fuzzy shortest path problems incorporating interactivity among paths. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 142(3), 335–357 (2004)MATHGoogle Scholar
  67. 67.
    A. Sengupta, T.K. Pal, Solving the shortest path problem with intervals arcs. Fuzzy Optim. Decis. Mak. 5, 71–89 (2006)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  68. 68.
    M.T. Takahashi, Contribuiçõesaoestudo de grafos fuzzy: Teoria e algoritmos. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculdade de EngenhariaElétrica e de Computação, UNICAMP, 2004Google Scholar
  69. 69.
    F. Hernandes, M.T. Lamata, J.L. Verdegay, A. Yamakami, The shortest path problem on networks with fuzzy parameters. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 158, 1561–1570 (2007)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  70. 70.
    A. Tajdin, I. Mahdavi, N. Mahdavi-Amiri, B. Sadeghpour-Gildeh, Computing a fuzzy shortest path in a network with mixed fuzzy arc lengths using \(\alpha\)-cuts. Comput. Math. Appl. 60, 989–1002 (2010)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  71. 71.
    R.E. Bellman, L.A. Zadeh, Decision-making in a fuzzy environment. Manage. Sci. 17B, 141–164 (1970)MathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  72. 72.
    E. Keshavarz, E. Khorram, A fuzzy shortest path with the highest reliability. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 230, 204–212 (2009)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  73. 73.
    X.K. Iwamura, Z. Shao, New models for shortest path problem with fuzzy arc lengths. Appl. Math. Model. 31, 259–269 (2007)MATHGoogle Scholar
  74. 74.
    ST. Liu, C. Kao, Network flow problems with fuzzy arc lengths. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. B 34(1), 765–769 (2004)Google Scholar
  75. 75.
    P. Diamond, A fuzzy max-flow min-cut theorem. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 119, 139–148 (2001)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  76. 76.
    L. Georgiadis, Arborescence optimization problems solvable by Edmonds’ algorithm. Theor. Comput. Sci. 301, 427–437 (2003)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  77. 77.
    M. Ghatee, S.M. Hashemi, Generalized minimal cost flow problem in fuzzy nature: an application in bus network planning problem. Appl. Math. Model. 32, 2490–2508 (2008)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  78. 78.
    S.M. Hashemi, M. Ghatee, E. Nasrabadi, Combinatorial algorithms for the minimum interval cost flow problem. Appl. Math. Comput. 175, 1200–1216 (2006)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  79. 79.
    M. Ghatee, S.M. Hashemi, Ranking function-based solutions of fully fuzzified minimal cost flow problem. Inf. Sci. 177, 4271–4294 (2007)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  80. 80.
    M. Ghatee, S.M. Hashemi, Application of fuzzy minimum cost flow problems to network design under uncertainty. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 160, 3263–3289 (2009)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  81. 81.
    M. Ghatee, S.M. Hashemi, M. Zarepisheh, E. Khorram, Preemptive priority-based algorithms for fuzzy minimal cost flow problem: an application in hazardous materials transportation. Comput. Ind. Eng. 57, 341–354 (2009)Google Scholar
  82. 82.
    D. Conte, P. Fogg\(\imath \)ay, X.C. Sansoney, M. Vento, Thirty years of graph matching in pattern recognition. Int. J. Pattern Recognit. Artif. Intell. 18(3), 265–298 (2004)Google Scholar
  83. 83.
    S. Medasani, R. Krishnapuram, Y.S. Choi, Graph matching by relaxation of fuzzy assignments. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 9, 173–182 (2001)Google Scholar
  84. 84.
    S. Medasani, R. Krishnapuram, A fuzzy approach to content-based image retrieval, in FUZZ-IEEE ’99: IEEE International Fuzzy Systems Conference Proceedings, Seoul, Korea, 22-25 Aug 1999 (IEEE, Piscataway, 1999), pp. 1251–1260Google Scholar
  85. 85.
    L. Liu, Y. Li, L. Yang, The maximum fuzzy weighted matching models and hybrid genetic algorithm. Appl. Math. Comput. 181, 662–674 (2006)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  86. 86.
    L. Liu, X. Gao, Maximum random fuzzy weighted matching models and hybrid genetic algorithm, http://orsc.edu.cn/’’xfgao/
  87. 87.
    M. Balakrishnarajan, P. Venuvanaligam, An artificial intelligence approach for the generation and enumeration of perfect matching on graphs. Comput. Math. Appl. 29, 115–121 (1995)Google Scholar
  88. 88.
    A. Hsieh, C. Ho, K. Fan, An extension of the bipartite weighted matching problem. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 16, 347–353 (1995)Google Scholar
  89. 89.
    A. Hsieh, K. Fan, T. Fan, Bipartite weighted matching for on-line handwritten Chinese character recognition. Pattern Recognit. 28, 143–151 (1995)Google Scholar
  90. 90.
    J. Lamb, A note on the weighted matching with penalty problem. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 19, 261–263 (1998)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  91. 91.
    G. Steiner, G. Yeomans, A linear time algorithm for maximum matching in convex, bipartite graphs. Comput. Math. Appl. 31, 91–96 (1996)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  92. 92.
    J. Kim, N. Wormal, Random matchings which induce Hamilton cycles and Hamiltonian decompositions of random regular graphs. J. Combin. Theory B 81, 20–44 (2001)MATHGoogle Scholar
  93. 93.
    M. Zito, Small maximal matchings in random graphs. Theor. Comput. Sci. 297, 487–507 (2003)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  94. 94.
    D. Dubois, H. Prade, Possibility Theory: An Approach to Computerized Processing of Uncertainty (Plenum, New York, 1988)MATHGoogle Scholar
  95. 95.
    B. Liu, Y.K. Liu, Expected value of fuzzy variable and fuzzy expected value models. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 10, 445–450 (2002)Google Scholar
  96. 96.
    B. Liu, Theory and Practice of Uncertain Programing (Physica, New York, 2002)Google Scholar
  97. 97.
    B. Liu, Uncertainty Theory: An Introduction to Its Axiomatic Foundations (Springer, Berlin, 2004)Google Scholar
  98. 98.
    A. Charnes, W.W. Copper, Chance-constrained programming. Manage. Sci. 6, 73–79 (1959)MATHGoogle Scholar
  99. 99.
    B. Liu, K. Iwamura, A note on chance constrained programming with fuzzy coefficients. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 100, 229–233 (1998)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  100. 100.
    B. Liu, Dependent-chance programming with fuzzy decisions. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 7(3), 354–360 (1999)Google Scholar
  101. 101.
    H. Haken, M. Schanz, J. Starke, Treatment of combinatorial optimization problems using selection equations with cost terms. Part I. Two-dimensional assignment problems. Phys. D 134, 227–241 (1999)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  102. 102.
    H.W. Kuhn, The Hungarian method for the assignment problem. Nav. Res. Logist. Quart. 2, 253–258 (1996)Google Scholar
  103. 103.
    B. Werners, Interactive multiple objective programming subject to Kexible constraints. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 31, 342–349 (1987)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  104. 104.
    L.A. Zadeh, Fuzzy sets. Inf. Control 8, 338–353 (1965)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  105. 105.
    M.S. Chen, On a fuzzy assignment problem. Tamkang J. 22, 407–411 (1985)MATHGoogle Scholar
  106. 106.
    X. Wang, Fuzzy optimal assignment problem. Fuzzy Math. 3, 101–108 (1987)Google Scholar
  107. 107.
    D. Dubois, P. Fortemps, Computing improved optimal solutions to max - min flexible constraint satisfaction problems. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 118, 95–126 (1999)MATHGoogle Scholar
  108. 108.
    M. Sakawa, I. Nishizaki, Y. Uemura, Interactive fuzzy programming for two-level linear and linear fractional production and assignment problems: a case study. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 135, 142–157 (2001)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  109. 109.
    S. Chanas, W. Kolodziejczyk, A. Machaj, A fuzzy approach to the transportation problem. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 13, 211–221 (1984)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  110. 110.
    M. Tada, H. Ishii, An integer fuzzy transportation problem. Comput. Math. Appl. 31, 71–87 (1996)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  111. 111.
    S. Chanas, D. Kuchta, Fuzzy integer transportation problem. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 98, 291–298 (1998)MathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  112. 112.
    S. Chanas, D. Kuchta, A concept of the optimal solution of the transportation problem with fuzzy cost coefficients. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 82, 299–305 (1996)MathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  113. 113.
    C.J. Lin, U.P. Wen, A labeling algorithm for the fuzzy assignment problem. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 142, 373–391 (2004)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  114. 114.
    Y. Feng, L. Yang, A two-objective fuzzy k-cardinality assignment problem. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 197, 233–244 (2006)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  115. 115.
    J. Majumdar, A.K. Bhunia, Elitist genetic algorithm for assignment problem with imprecise goal. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 177, 684–692 (2007)MATHGoogle Scholar
  116. 116.
    X. Ye, J. Xu, A fuzzy vehicle routing assignment model with connection network based on priority-based genetic algorithm. World J. Model. Simul. 4, 257–268 (2008)Google Scholar
  117. 117.
    L. Liu, X. Gao, Fuzzy weighted equilibrium multi-job assignment problem and genetic algorithm. Appl. Math. Model. 33, 3926–3935 (2009)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  118. 118.
    A. Kumar, A. Gupta, A. Kaur, Method for solving fully fuzzy assignment problems using triangular fuzzy numbers. Int. J. Comput. Inf. Eng. 3:4, 231–234 (2009)Google Scholar
  119. 119.
    S. Mukherjee, K. Basu, A more realistic assignment problem with fuzzy costs and fuzzy restrictions. Adv. Fuzzy Math. 5(3), 395–404 (2010)Google Scholar
  120. 120.
    R. Nagarajan, A. Solairaju, Computing improved fuzzy optimal Hungarian assignment problems with fuzzy costs under Robust ranking techniques. Int. J. Comput. Appl. 6(4), 6–13 (2010)Google Scholar
  121. 121.
    F.G. Shi, A new approach to the fuzzification of matroids. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 160, 696–705 (2009)MATHGoogle Scholar
  122. 122.
    A. Kasperski, P. Zielinski, On combinatorial optimization problems on matroids with uncertain weights. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 177, 851–864 (2007)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  123. 123.
    A. Kasperski, P. Zielinski, A possibilistic approach to combinatorial optimization problems on fuzzy-valued matroids, in Fuzzy Logic and Applications, 6th International Workshop, WILF, Crema, Italy, ed. by I. Bloch, A. Petrosino, A. Tettamanzi (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006), pp. 46–52Google Scholar
  124. 124.
    J. Fortin, A. Kasperski, P. Zielinski, Efficient methods for computing optimality degrees of elements in fuzzy weighted matroids, in Fuzzy Logic and Applications, 6th International Workshop, WILF, Crema, Italy, ed. by I. Bloch, A. Petrosino, A. Tettamanzi (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006), pp. 99–107Google Scholar
  125. 125.
    A. Kasperski, P. Zielinski, Using gradual numbers for solving fuzzy-valued combinatorial optimization problems, in Foundations of Fuzzy Logic and Soft Computing, 12th International Fuzzy Systems Association World Congress, Cancun, Mexico, ed. by P. Melin, O. Castillo, L.T. Aguilar, J. Kacprzyk, W. Pedrycz (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007), pp. 656–665Google Scholar
  126. 126.
    R. Goetschel, W. Voxman, Fuzzy matroids. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 27, 291–302 (1998)MathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  127. 127.
    R. Goetschel, W. Voxman, Bases of fuzzy matroids. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 31, 253–261 (1989)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  128. 128.
    R. Goetschel, W. Voxman, Fuzzy matroids and a greedy algorithm. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 37, 201–214 (1990)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  129. 129.
    I.-C. Hsueh, On fuzzication of matroids. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 53, 319–327 (1993)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  130. 130.
    L.A. Novak, A comment on ‘Bases of fuzzy matroids’. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 87, 251–252 (1997)MATHGoogle Scholar
  131. 131.
    L.A. Novak, On Goetschel and Voxman fuzzy matroids. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 117, 407–412 (2001)MATHGoogle Scholar
  132. 132.
    R. Goetschel, W. Voxman, Fuzzy matroids. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 27, 291–302 (1998)MathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  133. 133.
    R. Goetschel, W. Voxman, Fuzzy matroids and a greedy algorithm. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 37, 201–214 (1990)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  134. 134.
    M.J. Hwang, C.I. Chiang, Y.H. Liu, Solving a fuzzy set covering problem. Math. Comput. Model. 40(7/8), 861–865 (2004)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  135. 135.
    G.L. Nemhauser, L.A. Wolsey, Integer and Combinatorial Optimization (Wiley, New York, 1988)MATHGoogle Scholar
  136. 136.
    R.M. Karp, Reducibility among combinatorial problems, in Complexity of Computer Computations, ed. by R. Miller, J. Thatcher (Plenum, New York, 1972), pp. 85–103Google Scholar
  137. 137.
    F. Barahona, M. Grotschel, M. Junger, G. Reinelt, An application of combinatorial optimization to statistical physics and circuit layout design. Oper. Res. 36, 493–513 (1998)Google Scholar
  138. 138.
    J. Poland, T. Zeugmann, Clustering pairwise distances with missing data: maximum cuts versus normalized cuts. Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 4265, 197–208 (2006)Google Scholar
  139. 139.
    H.F. Wang, M.L. Wang, A fuzzy multi-objective linear programming. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 86, 61–72 (1997)MATHGoogle Scholar
  140. 140.
    B. Liu, Uncertainty Theory, 2nd edn. (Springer, Berlin, 2007)MATHGoogle Scholar
  141. 141.
    P.M. Pardalos, T. Mavridou, J. Xue, The graph coloring problem: a bibliographic survey, in Handbook of Combinatorial Optimization, vol. 2, ed. by D.Z. Du, P.M. Pardalos (Kluwer Academic, Boston, 1998), pp. 331–395Google Scholar
  142. 142.
    C. Eslahchi, B.N. Onagh, Vertex strength of fuzzy graphs. Int. J. Math. Math. Sci. 2006, 1–9 (2006)MathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  143. 143.
    S. Munoz, T. Ortuno, J. Ramirez, J. Yanez, Coloring fuzzy graphs. Omega 32, 211–221 (2005)Google Scholar
  144. 144.
    A. Chaudhuri, K. De, Fuzzy genetic heuristic for university course timetable problem. Int. J. Adv. Soft Comput. Appl. 2(1), 100–123 (2010)Google Scholar
  145. 145.
    F. Eisenbrand, M. Niemeier, European Conference on Combinatorics, Graph Theory and Applications, Coloring fuzzy circular interval graphs. Electron. Notes Discret. Math. 34, 543–548 (2009)MathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  146. 146.
    D. Kuchta, A generalisation of an algorithm solving the fuzzy multiple choice knapsack problem. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 127(2), 131–140 (2002)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  147. 147.
    A. Kasperski, M. Kulej, The 0–1 knapsack problem with fuzzy data. Fuzzy Optim. Decis. Mak. 6, 163–172 (2007)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  148. 148.
    F.T. Lin, J.S. Yao, Using fuzzy number in knapsack problem. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 135(1), 158–176 (2001)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  149. 149.
    F.T. Lin, Solving the imprecise weight coefficients Knapsack problem by genetic algorithms, in 2006 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Taipei, Taiwan, 8–11 Oct 2006Google Scholar
  150. 150.
    M. Sakawa, K. Kato, T. Shibano, An interactive fuzzy satisficing method for multiobjective multidimensional 0–1 knapsack problems through genetic algorithms, in Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation, Nagoya University, Japan, 20–22 May, 1996 (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Piscataway, 1996), pp. 243–246Google Scholar
  151. 151.
    S.P. Chen, Analysis of maximum total return in the continuous knapsack problem with fuzzy object weights. Appl. Math. Model. 33, 2927–2933 (2009)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  152. 152.
    F.T. Lin, J.S. Yao, Using fuzzy number in knapsack problem. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 135(1), 158–176 (2001)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  153. 153.
    S.P. Chen, Analysis of maximum total return in the continuous knapsack problem with fuzzy object weights. Appl. Math. Model. 33, 2927–2933 (2009)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  154. 154.
    S. Sadi-Nezhad, K.K. Damghani, N. Pilevari, Application of 0–1 fuzzy programming in optimum project selection. World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol. 64, 335–339 (2010)Google Scholar
  155. 155.
    J.L. Verdegay, E. Vergara-Moreno, Fuzzy termination criteria in Knapsack problem algorithms. Mathw. Soft Comput. 7, 89–97 (2000)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  156. 156.
    K. Kato, M. Sakawa, Genetic algorithms with decomposition procedures for multidimensional 0–1 knapsack problems with block angular structures. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. B 33(3), 410–419 (2003)Google Scholar
  157. 157.
    F.T. Lin, On the generalized fuzzy multiconstraint 0–1 knapsack problem, in Proceedings of 2006 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems Sheraton Vancouver Wall Centre Hotel, Vancouver, BC, Canada 16–21 July 2006Google Scholar
  158. 158.
    T. Hasuike, H. Katagiri, H. Ishii, Probability maximization model of 0–1 Knapsack problem with random fuzzy variables, in Proceedings of 2008 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, Hong Kong, China, 2008. FUZZGoogle Scholar
  159. 159.
    H. Shih, Fuzzy approach to multilevel Knapsack problems. Comput. Math. Appl. 49, 1157–1176 (2005)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  160. 160.
    J.D. Ullman, Complexity of sequencing problems, in Computer and Job-Shop Scheduling Theory, ed. by E.G. Coffman (Wiley, New York, 1975)Google Scholar
  161. 161.
    C.B. Kim, K.A. Seong, H. Lee-Kwang, J.O. Kim, Design and implementation of FEGCS. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. A 28(3) (1998)Google Scholar
  162. 162.
    B.S. Baker, E.G. Coffman, R.L. Rivest, Orthogonal packing in two dimensions. SIAM J. Comput. 9, 846–855 (1980)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  163. 163.
    B.S. Baker, D.J. Brown, H.P. Katsef, A 5=4 algorithm for two-dimensional packing. J. Algorithm 2, 348–368 (1981)MATHGoogle Scholar
  164. 164.
    H. Dyckho, A typology of cutting and packing problems. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 44, 145–159 (1990)Google Scholar
  165. 165.
    M. Adamowicz, A. Albano, Nesting two-dimensional shapes in rectangular modules. Comput. Aided Des. 8(1), 27–33 (1976)Google Scholar
  166. 166.
    B. Chazelle, The bottom-left bin packing heuristic: an efficient implementation. IEEE Trans. Comput. C-32(8), 697–707 (1983)Google Scholar
  167. 167.
    R. Dong, W. Pedrycz, A granular time series approach to long-term forecasting and trend forecasting. Phys. A 387, 3253–3270 (2008)Google Scholar
  168. 168.
    J.N. Choi, S.K. Oh, W. Pedrycz, Identification of fuzzy models using a successive tuning method with a variant identification ratio. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 159, 2873–2889 (2008)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  169. 169.
    A. Bargiela, W. Pedrycz, Granular Computing: An Introduction (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 2002)Google Scholar
  170. 170.
    W. Pedrycz, K. Hirota, Fuzzy vector quantization with the particle swarm optimization: a study in fuzzy granulation_degranulation information processing. Signal Process. 87, 2061–2074 (2007)MATHGoogle Scholar
  171. 171.
    S. Okada, T. Soper, A shortest path problem on a network with fuzzy arc lengths. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 109, 129–140 (2000)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  172. 172.
    H.S. Shih, E.S. Lee, Fuzzy multi-level minimum cost flow problems. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 107, 159–176 (1999)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  173. 173.
    M. Dehghan, M. Ghatee, B. Hashemi, Inverse of a fuzzy matrix of fuzzy numbers. Int. J. Comput. Math. (2008). doi:10.1080/00207160701874789Google Scholar
  174. 174.
    M. Hukuhara, Intégration des applications measurable dont la valeurest un compact convexe. FunkcialajEkvacioj 10, 205–223 (1967)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  175. 175.
    P. Diamond, R. Korner, Extended fuzzy linear models and least squares estimates. Comput. Math. Appl. 33, 15–32 (1997)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  176. 176.
    M. Ghatee, S.M. Hashemi, B. Hashemi, M. Dehghan, The solution and duality of imprecise network problems. Comput. Math. Appl. 55, 2767–2790 (2008)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  177. 177.
    R.K. Ahuja, T.L. Magnanti, J.B. Orlin, Network Flows (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1993)MATHGoogle Scholar
  178. 178.
    A. Bargiela, W. Pedrycz, Granular Computing: An Introduction (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 2002)Google Scholar
  179. 179.
    M. Ghatee, S.M. Hashemi, Traffic assignment model with fuzzy level of travel demand: an efficient algorithm based on quasi-Logit formulas. Eur. J. Oper. Res. (2008). doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2007.12.023Google Scholar
  180. 180.
    S.K. Das, A. Goswami, S.S. Alam, Multiobjective transportation problem with fuzzy interval cost, source and destination parameters. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 117, 100–112 (1999)MATHGoogle Scholar
  181. 181.
    P. Ekel, W. Pedrycz, R. Schinzinger, A general approach to solving a wide class of fuzzy optimization problems. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 97, 49–66 (1998)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  182. 182.
    M. Ghatee, S. Mehdi Hashemi, Some concepts of the fuzzy multi commodity flow problem and their application in fuzzy network design. Math. Comput. Model. 49, 1030–1043 (2009)MATHGoogle Scholar
  183. 183.
    H. Liu, X. Ban, B. Ran, P.B. Mirchandani, A formulation and solution algorithm for fuzzy dynamic traffic assignment model. Transp. Res. Rec. 178 (2003)Google Scholar
  184. 184.
    V. Henn, What is the meaning of fuzzy costs in fuzzy traffic assignment models? Transp. Res. C 13, 107–119 (2005)Google Scholar
  185. 185.
    R.K. Ahuja, T.L. Magnanti, J.B. Orlin, Network Flows (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1993)MATHGoogle Scholar
  186. 186.
    P.R. Bhave, R. Gupta, Optimal design of water distribution networks for fuzzy demands. Civil Eng. Environ. Syst. 21, 229–245 (2004)Google Scholar
  187. 187.
    S.K. Das, A. Goswami, S.S. Alam, Multiobjective transportation problem with fuzzy interval cost, source and destination parameters. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 117, 100–112 (1999)MATHGoogle Scholar
  188. 188.
    P. Ekel, W. Pedrycz, R. Schinzinger, A general approach to solving a wide class of fuzzy optimization problems. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 97, 49–66 (1998)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  189. 189.
    A.M. Costa, A survey on benders decomposition applied to fixed-charge network design problems. Comput. Oper. Res. 32, 1429–1450 (2005)MathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  190. 190.
    M. Ghatee, S.M. Hashemi, Some concepts of the fuzzy multicommodity flow problem and their application in fuzzy network design. Math. Comput. Model. 49, 1030–1043 (2009)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  191. 191.
    D.Z. Du, J.M. Smith, J.H. Rubinstein, Advances in Steiner Trees (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 2000)MATHGoogle Scholar
  192. 192.
    F.K. Hwang, D.S. Richards, P. Winter, The Steiner Tree Problem (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1992)MATHGoogle Scholar
  193. 193.
    R. Karp, in Complexity of Computer Computations, ed. by R.E. Miller, J.W. Thatcher. IBM Research Symposia Series, vol. 43 (Plenum, New York, 1972), p. 85Google Scholar
  194. 194.
    G. Robins, A. Zelikovsky, in Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SIAM, San Francisco, 2000), pp. 770–779Google Scholar
  195. 195.
    M. Durand, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 088701 (2007)Google Scholar
  196. 196.
    M. Seda, Fuzzy shortest paths approximation for solving the fuzzy steiner tree problem in graphs. Int. J. Math. Comput. Sci. 1:3, 22–26 (2005)Google Scholar
  197. 197.
    G. Gutin, A. Punnen (eds.), Traveling Salesman Problem and Its Variations (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 2002); C. Helmberg, The m-cost ATSP. Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 1610, 242–258 (1999)MATHGoogle Scholar
  198. 198.
    D. Feillet, P. Dejax, M. Gendreau, Traveling salesman problems with profits. Transp. Sci. 39(2), 188–205 (2005)Google Scholar
  199. 199.
    E. Balas, G. Martin, Roll-a-Round: Software Package for Scheduling the Rounds of a Rolling Mill (Balas and Martin Associates, Pittsburgh, 1965)Google Scholar
  200. 200.
    C.P. Keller, M. Goodchild, The multiobjective vending problem: a generalization of the traveling salesman problem. Environ. Plan. B 15, 447–460 (1988)Google Scholar
  201. 201.
    E.S. Lee, R.J. Li, Comparison of fuzzy numbers based on probability measure of fuzzy events. Comput. Math. Appl. 15, 887–896 (1988)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  202. 202.
    N. Agin, Optimum seeking with branch and bound. Manage. Sci. 13(4), B-176–B-185 (1996)Google Scholar
  203. 203.
    E. Demeulemeester, W. Herroelen, Project Scheduling: A Research Handbook (Kluwer Academic, Boston, 2002)Google Scholar
  204. 204.
    S.H. Owen, M.S. Daskin, Strategic facility location: a review. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 111(3), 423–447 (1998)MATHGoogle Scholar
  205. 205.
    D.J. van der Zee, J.G.A.J. van der Vorst, A modeling framework for supply chain simulation: Opportunities for improved decision making. Decis. Sci. 36(1), 65–95 (2005)Google Scholar
  206. 206.
    U. Akinc, B.M. Khumawala, An efficient branch and bound algorithm for the capacitated warehouse location problem. Manage. Sci. 23(6), 585–594 (1977)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  207. 207.
    P.M. Dearing, F.C. Newruck, A capacitated bottleneck facility location problem. Manage. Sci. 25(11), 1093–1104 (1979)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  208. 208.
    M.A. Badri, Combining the analytic hierarchy process and goal programming for global facility location-allocation problem. Int. J. Prod. Econ. 62(3), 237–248 (1999)Google Scholar
  209. 209.
    L. Dupont, Branch and bound algorithm for a facility location problem with concave site dependent costs. Int. J. Prod. Econ. 112(1), 245–254 (2008)MathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  210. 210.
    Z. Drezner, W. Hamacher (eds.), Facility Location: Applications and Theory (Springer, New York, 2004)Google Scholar
  211. 211.
    A.T. Ernst, M. Krishnamoorthy, Solution algorithms for the capacitated single allocation hub location problem. Ann. Oper. Res. 86(1–4), 141–159 (1999)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  212. 212.
    S. Lozano, F. Guerrero, L. Onieva, J. Larrañeta, Kohonen maps for solving a class of location-allocation problems. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 108(1), 106–117 (1998)MATHGoogle Scholar
  213. 213.
    A. Misra, A. Roy, S.K. Das, Information-theory based optimal location management schemes for integrated multi-system wireless networks. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 16, 525–538 (2008)Google Scholar
  214. 214.
    W. Pedrycz, F. Gomide, An Introduction to Fuzzy Sets; Analysis and Design (MIT, Cambridge MA, 1998)MATHGoogle Scholar
  215. 215.
    W. Pedrycz, F. Gomide, Fuzzy Systems Engineering: Toward Human-Centric Computing (Wiley, Hoboken, 2007)Google Scholar
  216. 216.
    L.A. Zadeh, Is there a need for fuzzy logic? Inf. Sci. 178(13), 2751–2779 (2008)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  217. 217.
    V. Batanovic, D. Petrovic, R. Petrovic, Fuzzy logic based algorithms for maximum covering location problems. Inf. Sci. 179(1–2), 120–129 (2009)MATHGoogle Scholar
  218. 218.
    U. Bhattacharya, J.R. Rao, R.N. Tiwari, Fuzzy multi-criteria facility location problem. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 51(3), 277–287 (1992)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  219. 219.
    H. Ishii, Y.L. Lee, K.Y. Yeh, Fuzzy facility location problem with preference of candidate sites. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 158(17), 1922–1930 (2007)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  220. 220.
    C. Kahraman, D. Ruan, I. Dogan, Fuzzy group decision-making for facility location selection. Inf. Sci. 157, 135–153 (2003)MATHGoogle Scholar
  221. 221.
    D. Dubois, H. Prade, Possibility Theory (Plenum, New York, 1988)MATHGoogle Scholar
  222. 222.
    W. Pedrycz, F. Gomide, Fuzzy Systems Engineering: Toward Human- Centric Computing (Wiley, Hoboken, 2007)Google Scholar
  223. 223.
    L.A. Zadeh, Fuzzy sets as a basis for a theory of possibility. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 1(1), 3–28 (1978)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  224. 224.
    U. Bhattacharya, J.R. Rao, R.N. Tiwari, Fuzzy multi-criteria facility location problem. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 51(3), 277–287 (1992)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  225. 225.
    H. Ishii, Y.L. Lee, K.Y. Yeh, Fuzzy facility location problem with preference of candidate sites. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 158(17), 1922–1930 (2007)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  226. 226.
    M. Wen, K. Iwamura, Fuzzy facility location-allocation problem under the Hurwicz criterion. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 184(2), 627–635 (2008)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  227. 227.
    J. Zhou, B. Liu, Modeling capacitated location-allocation problem with fuzzy demands. Comput. Ind. Eng. 53(3), 454–468 (2007)Google Scholar
  228. 228.
    R. Kruse, K.D. Meyer, Statistics with Vague Data (D. Reidel, Dordrecht, 1987)MATHGoogle Scholar
  229. 229.
    H. Kwakernaak, Fuzzy random variables–I. Definitions and theorems. Inf. Sci. 15, 1–29 (1978)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  230. 230.
    Y.K. Liu, B. Liu, Fuzzy random variable: a scalar expected value operator. Fuzzy Optim. Decis. Mak. 2, 143–160 (2003)MathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  231. 231.
    R. Goetschel, W. Voxman, Fuzzy matroids and a greedy algorithm. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 37, 201–214 (1990)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  232. 232.
    D. Kuchta, A generalisation of an algorithm solving the fuzzy multiple choice knapsack problem. Fuzzy Sets Syst 127(2), 131–140 (2002)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  233. 233.
    F.T. Lin, J.S. Yao, Using fuzzy number in knapsack problem. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 135(1), 158–176 (2001)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  234. 234.
    L.A. Zadeh, Fuzzy sets. Inf. Control 8(3), 338–353 (1965)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Faculty of Engineering, Department of Industrial and System EngineeringUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleUSA
  2. 2.Faculty of Engineering, Department of Industrial EngineeringErciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
  3. 3.Faculty of Engineering, Department of Industrial EngineeringErciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
  4. 4.Department of Business AdministrationErciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
  5. 5.Faculty of Engineering, Department of Industrial EngineeringGazi UniversityAnkaraTurkey

Personalised recommendations