Encyclopedia of Immigrant Health

2012 Edition
| Editors: Sana Loue, Martha Sajatovic

Language

  • Jaina Amin
Reference work entry
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5659-0_450

Communication is vital to get by in this world. There are many forms of communication all with the goal of having one’s needs addressed. Some forms include sign language, written communication, sounds, and words. This section will be focusing on spoken communication. Languages have been studied to assess if they are inherent in children or learned from the environment, and at what age learning another language becomes more difficult.

Most experts in language development acknowledge that children learn their first words near their first birthday, are at two word sentences by their second birthday, and by the age of 5 or so, have completed their linguistic development. Shore proposed that children develop languages differently accounting for the differing developmental schedules that children have. Two differing schools of thought described by Shore were empiricism and nativism. Empiricism emphasizes the role of the child’s environment; the child will imitate the parents’ speech and will...

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Suggested Readings

  1. Bongaerts, T., Planken, B., & Schils, E. (1995). Can late starters attain a native accent in a foreign language? A test of the critical period hypothesis. In D. Singleton & Z. Lengyel (Eds.), The age factor in second language acquisition. Great Britain: Cromwell.Google Scholar
  2. Heller, M. (2006). Linguistic minorities and modernity. London: Continuum.Google Scholar
  3. Shore, C. M. (1995). Individual differences in language development (Vol. 7). London: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012

Authors and Affiliations

  • Jaina Amin
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of PsychiatryUniversity Hospitals Case Medical CenterClevelandUSA