Cognitive techniques;  Mental strategies

Cognitive strategies are sets of mental processes that are consciously implemented to regulate thought processes and content in order to achieve goals or solve problems. Self-regulation theories of behavior focus on cognitive strategies as playing a critical role in guiding goal-directed behavior. Cognitive strategies are primary targets for numerous intervention approaches, including cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), mindfulness-based interventions, and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). Cognitive strategies include those directing attentional focus (e.g., attentional engagement or distraction), cognitive reframing or reinterpretation of distressing experiences, imagery techniques, and mental rehearsal of positive statements.

Within the health setting, pain management is one area in which cognitive strategies may be useful. Examples include distraction, where one diverts attention away from the painful stimulus and...