“Integrated Pest Management” (IPM) and “Management of Pesticide Resistance in pest arthropods” (MPR) are usually perceived to be distinct topics, but have equivalent goals and methods. Effective management of resistance to pesticides and effective IPM programs require that we employ a holistic and multitactic management strategy. A key component of a holistic and multitactic strategy will include enhancing the compatibility of pesticides and biological control agents.

Resistance to pesticides is an extremely important problem. At least 440 arthropod species have become resistant to insecticides and acaricides, with many species having become resistant to all the major classes of such products. Resistance to pesticides in weeds, plant pathogens, and nematodes also is increasing, although somewhat more slowly.

Developing and registering new pesticides is an elaborate, and increasingly expensive, business in most parts of the world. Thus, pesticide producers should be increasingly...