Hygienic hand disinfection is performed to eliminate transient microorganisms from the skin. The hands are rubbed with 3 ml of an alcoholic disinfectant (pressing twice on the pump dispenser) for at least 30 seconds. During the procedure, one has to bear in mind the nail folds and the area between the fingers. Rings and watches should not be worn. Hygienic hand disinfection should be performed before and after each contact with a patient, before and after contact with drains, urethral or venous catheters, tracheal tubes or other indwelling devices, and after contact with material which is suspected of contamination (blood, secretions, contaminated surfaces or objects). Furthermore, hygienic hand disinfection is necessary before all invasive procedures.