Radiation hazards for people and technology are determined by electromagnetic radiation (from intense radio waves up to UV, X-rays, and γ-rays) and by fluxes of corpuscular radiation (energetic protons, neutrons, nucleous, electrons, pions, muons, and in case of nearby Supernova even by great fluxes of neutrino, see  Supernova).

Radiation hazards for people and technology on the ground and at different altitudes in atmosphere are determined by natural sources (mainly from galactic and solar cosmic rays and from radioactive elements in soil and in air) and by artificial (man-made) sources which generate different types of electromagnetic and corpuscular radiation (from home-used devices such as TV, microwave heaters, mobile phones to atomic and H-bomb explosions). With an increase of altitude, the natural radiation hazard from cosmic rays increases considerably and from radioactive elements – sufficiently decreases. For satellites and astronauts situated in the...