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Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology pp 1329–1335Cite as

Intelligence

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Synonyms

Emotional intelligence (EI); FSIQ; GAI; General cognitive ability; General cognitive functioning; IQ; PIQ; VIQ

Definition

The term “intelligence” has been generally operationalized as a construct reflecting individual differences in cognitive abilities underlying various skills and behaviors such as educational and occupational success. However, the definition of “intelligence” and the abilities, aptitudes, and behaviors this construct includes has been a source of debate over the course of human history.

Many definitions of intelligence have emerged over the years. For example, Binet (Binet & Simon, 1905) defined intelligence in terms of judgment, practical sense, initiative, and adaptability; whereas Wechsler (1958) later defined it as “the aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with his/her environment” (p. 7). Moreover, intelligence was viewed by Wechsler as a composite of different abilities that is...

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  • DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_1061
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References and Readings

  • Binet, A., & Simon, T. (1905). Méthode nouvelle pour le diagnostic du niveau intellectuel des anormaux. L'Année Psychologique, 11, 191–244.

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  • Horn, J. L. (1998). A basis for research on age differences in cognitive capabilities. In J. J. McArdle & R. W. Woodcock (Eds.), Human cognitive abilities in theory and practice (pp. 57–87). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

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  • Sternberg, R. J. (1986). Intelligence applied: Understanding and increasing your intellectual skills. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

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  • Sternberg, R. J. (2007). Wisdom, intelligence, and creativity synthesized. New York: Cambridge University Press.

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  • Wechsler, D. (1958). The measurement and appraisal of adult intelligence (3rd Ed.). Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Yvonne Hindes & Donald H. Saklofske

  2. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 3515 E. Fletcher Ave, 33613, Tampa, FL, USA

    Mike R. Schoenberg

Authors
  1. Yvonne Hindes
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  2. Mike R. Schoenberg
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  3. Donald H. Saklofske
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Professor of Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University – Medical Center Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, VCU, 980542, Richmond, Virginia, 23298-0542, USA

    Jeffrey S. Kreutzer

  2. Kessler Foundation Research Center, 1199 Pleasant Valley Way, West Orange, NJ, 07052, USA

    John DeLuca

  3. Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey – New Jersey Medical School, New Jersey, USA

    John DeLuca

  4. Independent Practice, 564 M.O.B. East, 100 E. Lancaster Ave., Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA

    Bruce Caplan

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Hindes, Y., Schoenberg, M.R., Saklofske, D.H. (2011). Intelligence. In: Kreutzer, J.S., DeLuca, J., Caplan, B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_1061

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