Advertisement

Prebiotics and Probiotics and Oral Health

Reference work entry
  • 3k Downloads

Abstract

The first part of this chapter describes the unique characteristics of the mouth with special emphasis on the oral microbiota. Next, the highly prevalent dental diseases are briefly described together with more rare but still important diseases and symptoms of the mouth. Prevention and treatment of oral and dental diseases are also discussed focusing on aspects considered important with respect to the potential application of prebiotics and probiotics. The second part of the chapter then concentrates on research data on prebiotics and probiotics in the oral health perspective, ending up with conclusions and visions for future research.

Key words

Prebiotics Probiotics Oral health Dental diseases Caries Candida 
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

References

  1. Ahola AJ, Yli-Knuuttila H, Suomalainen T, Poussa T, Ahlström A, Meurman JH, Korpela R (2002) Short-term consumption of probiotic-containing cheese and its effect on dental caries risk factor. Arch Oral Biol 47:799–804CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. Akerberg C, Hofvendahl K, Zacchi G, Hahn-Hagerdal B (1998) Modeling the influence of pH, temperature, glucose and lactic acid concentration on the kinetics of lactic acid production by Lactococcus lactisspp. lactis ATCC 19435 in whole-wheat flour. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 49:682–690CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. Apostolou E, Kirjavainen VP, Saxelin M, Rautelin H, Valtonen V, Salminen SJ, Ouwehand CV (2001) Good adhesion properties of probiotics: a potential risk for bacteremia? FEMS Immunol. Med Microbiol 31:35–39Google Scholar
  4. Bagg J, Sweeney MP, Lewis MA, Jackson MS, Coleman D, Al MA, Baxter W, McEndrick S, McHugh S (2003) High prevalence of non-albicans yeasts and detection of antifungal resistance in the oral flora of patients with advanced cancer. Palliat Med 17:477–482CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Batista de Morais M, Jacob CMA (2007) The role of probiotics and prebiotics in pediatric practice. J Pediatr 82:189–197Google Scholar
  6. Bergdahl M, Bergdahl J (1999) Burning mouth syndrome: prevalence and associated factors. J Oral Pathol Med 28:350–354CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. Björkroth KJ, Schillinger U, Geisen R, Weiss N, Hoste B, Holzapfel WH, Korkeala HJ, Vandamme P (2002) Taxonomic study of Weissella confusa and description of Weissella cibaria spp. nov., detected in food and clinical samples. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52:141–148Google Scholar
  8. Björkstén B, Sepp E, Julge K, Voor T, Mikelsaar M (2001) Allergy development and the intestinal microflora during the first year of life. J Allergy Clin Immunol 108:516–520CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. Buddington KK, Donahoo JB, Buddington RK (2002) Dietary oligofructose and inulin protect mice from enteric and systemic pathogens and tumor inducers. J Nutr 132:472–477Google Scholar
  10. Burton JO, Chilcott CN, Tagg JR (2005) The rationale and potential for the reduction of oral malodour using Streptococcus salivarius probiotics. Oral Dis 11:29–31CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. Burton JP, Wescombe PA, Moore CJ, Chilcott CN, Tagg JR (2006) Safety assessment of the oral cavity probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12. Appl Environ Microbiol 72:3050–3053CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. Busscher HJ, Mulder AF, van der Mei CH (1999) In vitro adhesion to enamel and in vivo colonization of tooth surfaces by lactobacilli from a bio-yogurt. Caries Res 33:403–404CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. Çaglar E, Cilder SK, Ergeneli S, Sandalli N, Twetman S (2006) Salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli levels after ingestion of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55739 by straws or tablets. Acta Odont Scand 64:314–318CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. Çaglar E, Kargul B, Tanboga I (2005a) Bacteriotherapy and probiotics’ role on oral health. Oral Dis 11:131–137CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. Çaglar E, Kuscu OO, Cildir SK, Kuvvetli SS, Sandallin N (2008) A probiotic lozenge administered medical device and its effect on salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. Int J Paediatr Dent 18:35–39Google Scholar
  16. Caglar E, Sandalli N, Twetman S, Kavaloglu S, Ergeneli S, Selvi S (2005b) Effect of yogurt with Bifidobacterium DN-173 010 on salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in young adults. Acta Odontol Scand 63:317–320CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. Carlsson J, Hamilton I (1996) Metabolic activity of oral bacteria. In: Thylstrup A, Fejerskov O (eds). Textbook of clinical cariology. Copenhagen, Munksgaard, pp. 71–88Google Scholar
  18. Chen CC, Walker WA (2005) Probiotics and prebiotics: role in clinical disease states. Adv Pediatr 52:77–113CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. Colloca ME, Ahumada MC, Lopez ME, Nader-Macias ME (2000) Surface properties of lactobacilli isolated from healthy subjects. Oral Dis 6:27–233Google Scholar
  20. Comelli EM, Guggenheim B, Stingele F, Neeser JR (2002) Selection of dairy bacterial strains as probiotics for oral health. Eur J Oral Sci 110:218–224CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. Domellöf M, West C (2007) Processed infant cereals as vehicles of functional components. Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program 60:107–117Google Scholar
  22. Edgar WM, Mullane DM (eds) (1996) Saliva and oral health, 2nd edn. British Dental Association, LondonGoogle Scholar
  23. Elahi S, Pang G, Ashman R, Clancy R (2005) Enhanced clearance of Candida albicans from the oral cavities of mice following oral administration of Lactobacillus acidophilus. Clin Exp Immunol 141:29–36CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. Emslie RD (1980) A history of oral hygiene measures. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 8:225–229CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. Forner L, Larsen T, Kilian M, Holmstrup P (2006) Incidence of bacteremia after chewing, tooth brushing and scaling in individuals with periodontal inflammation. J Clin Periodontol 33:401–407CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. Gibson GR, Roberfroid MB (1995) Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: introducing the concept of prebiotics. J Nutr 125:1401–1412Google Scholar
  27. Grimoud AM, Lodter JP, Marty N, Andrieu S, Bocquet H, Linas MD, Rumeau M, Cazard JC (2005) Improved oral hygiene and Candida species colonization level in geriatric patients. Oral Dis 11:163–169CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. Guarner F (2007) Studies with inulin-type fructans on intestinal infections, permeability, and inflammation. J Nutr 137:2568–2571Google Scholar
  29. Guarner F, Malagelada JR (2003) Gut flora in health and disease. Lancet 361:512–519CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. Guntheroth WG (1984) How important are dental procedures as a cause of infective endocarditis? Am J Cardiol 54:797–801CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. Hartzell JD, Torres D, Kim P, Wortmann G (2005) Incidence of bacteremia after routine tooth brushing. Am J Med Sci 329:178–180CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  32. Hatakka K, Saxelin M (2008) Probiotics in intestinal and non-intestinal infectious diseases–clinical evidence. Curr Pharm Res 14:1351–1367CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  33. Haukioja A, Yli-Knuuttila H, Loimaranta V, Kari K, Ouwehand AC, Meurman JH, Tenovuo J (2006) Oral adhesion and survival of probiotic and other lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in vitro. Oral Microbiol Immunol 21:326–332CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  34. He F, Ouwehand AC, Isolauri E, Hashimoto H, Benno Y, Salminen S (2001a) Comparison of mucosal adhesion and species identification of bifidobacteria isolated from healthy and allergic infants. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 30:43–47CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  35. He F, Ouwehand AC, Isolauri E, Hosoda M, Benno Y, Salminen S (2001b) Differences in composition and mucosal adhesion of bifidobacteria isolated from healthy adults and healthy seniors. Curr Microbiol 43:351–354CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  36. Hedberg M, Hasslöf P, Sjöström I, Twetman S, Stecksén-Blicks C (2008) Sugar fermentation in probiotic bacteria. Oral Microbiol Immunol 23:482–485CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  37. Janket SJ, Meurman JH, Nuutinen P, Qvarnström M, Nunn ME, Baird AE, Van Dyke TE, Jones JA (2006) Salivary lysozyme and prevalent coronary heart disease: possible effects of oral health on endothelial dysfunction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 26:433–434CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  38. Joint FAO/WHO (2002) Working Group Report on Drafting Guidelines for the Evaluation of Probiotics in Food. London, Ontario, Canada, April 30 and May 1Google Scholar
  39. Kang M-S, Kim B-G, Lee H-C, Oh J-S (2006) Inhibitory effect of Weissella cibaria isolates on the production of volatile sulphur compounds. J Clin Periodontol 33:226–232CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  40. Kang MS, Na HS, Oh LS (2005) Coaggregation ability of Weissella cibaria isolates with Fusobacterium nucleatum and their adhesiveness to epithelial cells. FEMS Microbiol Lett 253:323–329CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  41. Köll P, Mändar R, Marcotte H, Leibur E, Mikelsaar M, Hammarström L (2008) Characterization of oral lactobacilli as potential probiotics for oral health. Oral Microbiol Immunol 23:139–147CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  42. Kõll-Klais P, Mändar R, Leibur E, Marcotte H, Hammarström L, Mikelsaar M (2005) Oral lactobacilli in chronic periodontitis and periodontal health: species composition and antimicrobial activity. Oral Microbiol Immunol 20:354–361CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  43. Krasse P, Carlsson B, Dahl C, Paulsson A, Nilsson A, Sinkiewicz G (2006) Decreased gum bleeding and reduced gingivitis by the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri. Swed Dent J 30:55–60Google Scholar
  44. Kurmann JA, Rasic JL (1991) The health potential of products containing bifidobacteria. In: Robinson RK (ed) Therapeutic properties of fermented milks. Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd., London, pp. 117–158Google Scholar
  45. Lenoir-Wijnkoop I, Sanders ME, Cabana MD, Caglar E, Corthier G, Rayes N, Sherman PM, Timmerman HM, Vaneechoutte M, Van Loo J, Wolvers DA (2007) Probiotic and prebiotic influence beyond the intestinal tract. Nutr Rev 65:469–489CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  46. Mäkeläinen H, Tahvonen R, Salminen S, Ouwehand AC (2003) In vivo safety assessment of two Bifidobacterium longnum strains. Microbiol Immunol 47:911–914Google Scholar
  47. Manzoni P, Mostert M, Leonessa ML, Priolo C, Farina D, Monetti C, Latino MA, Gomirato G (2006) Oral supplementation with Lactobacillus casei subspecies rhamnosus prevents enteric colonization by Candida species in preterm neonates: a randomized study. Clin Infect Dis 42:1735–1742CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  48. Marsh P, Martin MV (1999) Oral microbiology, 4th edn. Wright, OxfordGoogle Scholar
  49. Metchnikoff E (1907) Essais optimistes. Paris. The prolongation of life. Optimistic studies. Translated and edited by Chalmers Mitchell P London: HeinemannGoogle Scholar
  50. Meurman JH (2005) Probiotics: do they have a role in oral medicine and dentistry? Eur J Oral Sci 113:188–196CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  51. Meurman JH, Antila H, Korhonen A, Salminen SJ (1995) Effect of lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG (ATCC 53103) on the growth of Streptococcus sobrinus in vitro. Eur J Oral Sci 103:253–258CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  52. Meurman JH, Antila H, Salminen S (1994) Recovery of Lactobacillus strain GG (ATCC 53103) from saliva of healthy volunteers after consumption of yoghurt prepared with the bacterium. Microb Ecol Health Dis 7:295–298CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  53. Meurman JH, Pyrhönen S, Teerenhovi L, Lindqvist C (1997) Oral sources of septicaemia in patients with malignancies. Oral Oncol Eur J Cancer 33:389–397Google Scholar
  54. Meurman JH, Sanz M, Janket Sok-Ja (2004) Oral health, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 15:403–413CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  55. Meurman JH, Stamatova I (2007) Probiotics: contributions to oral health. Oral Dis 13:443–451CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  56. Meurman JH, Ten Cate JM (1996) Pathogenesis and modifying factors of dental erosion. Eur J Oral Sci 104:199–206CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  57. Montalto M, Vastola M, Marigo L, Covino M, Graziosetto R, Curigliano V et al. (2004) Probiotics treatment increases salivary counts of lactobacilli: a double-blind, randomized, controlled study. Digestion 69:53–56CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  58. Närhi TO, Meurman JH, Ainamo A (1999) Xerostomia and hyposalivation: causes, consequences and treatment in the elderly. Drugs Aging 15:103–116CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  59. Näse L, Hatakka K, Savilahti E, Saxelin M, Pönkä A, Poussa T, Korpela R, Meurman JH (2001) Effect of long-term consumption of a probiotic bacterium Lactobacilus GG in cows milk on dental caries and the risk of caries in children in day care centres. Caries Res 35:412–420CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  60. Nederfors T (2000) Xerostomia and hyposalivation. Adv Dent Res 14:48–56CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  61. Newbrun E (1992) Preventing dental caries: breaking the chain of transmission. J Am Dent Assoc 123:55–59Google Scholar
  62. O’Connor EB, O’Riordan B, Morgan SM, Whelton H, O’Mullane DM, Ross RP, Hill C (2006) A lacticin 3147 enriched food ingredient reduces Streptococcus mutans isolated from the human oral cavity in saliva. J Appl Microbiol 100:1251–1260CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  63. Paraje MG, Albesa I, Eraso AJ (2000) Conservation in probiotic preparations of Lactobacillus with inhibitory capacity on other species. New Microbiol 23:423–431Google Scholar
  64. Paster BJ, Olsen I, Aas JA, Dewhirst FE (2006) The breadth of bacterial diversity in the human periodontal pocket and other oral sites. Periodontol 2000 42:80–87CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  65. Rautemaa R, Lauhio A, Cullinan MP, Seymour GJ (2007) Oral infections and systemic disease – an emerging problem in medicine. Clin Microbiol Infect 13:1041–1047CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  66. Riccia DND, Bizzini F, Perilli MG, Polimeni A, Trinchieri V, Amicosante G, Cifone MG (2007) Anti-inflammatory effects of L. brevis (DC2) on periodontal disease. Oral Dis 13:376–385CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  67. Richardson MD, Warnock DW (2003) Fungal infections, 3rd edn. Blackwell, OxfordCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  68. Schrezenmeir J, de Vrese M (2001) Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics–approaching a definition. Am J Clin Nutr 73:361–364Google Scholar
  69. Scully C (2008) Oral and maxillofacial medicine, 2nd edn. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, Philadelphia, p. 321Google Scholar
  70. Sekino S, Ramberg P, Uzel NG, Socransky S, Lindhe J (2003) Effect of various chlorhexidine regimens on salivary bacteria and de novo plaque formation. J Clin Periodontol 10:919–925CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  71. Shah NP (2000) Probiotic bacteria: Selective enumeration and survival in dairy foods. J Dairy Sci 83:894–907CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  72. Srionnual S, Yanagida F, Lin LH, Hsiao KN, Chen YS (2007) Weissellicin 110, a newly discovered bacteriocin from Weissella cibaria 110, isolated from plaa-som, a fermented fish product from Thailand. Appl Environ Microbiol 73:2247–2250CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  73. Stamatova I, Kari K, Meurman JH (2008) In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of putative probiotic lactobacilli against oral pathogens. Int J Probiotics Prebiotics 2:225–232Google Scholar
  74. Stamatova I, Meurman JH, Kari K, Tervahartiala T, Sorsa T, Baltadjieva M (2007) Safety issues of Lactobacillus bulgaricus with respect to human gelatinases in vitro. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 51:194–200CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  75. Strahinic I, Busarcevic M, Pavlica D, Milasin J, Golic N, Topisirovic L (2007) Molecular and biochemical characterizations of human oral lactobacilli as putative probiotic candidates. Oral Microbiol Immunol 22:111–117CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  76. Strus M, Kucharska A, Kukla G, Brzychczy-Włoch M, Maresz K, Heczko PB (2005) The in vitro activity of vaginal Lactobacillus with probiotic properties against Candida. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 13:69–75CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  77. Sugerman P, Porter SR (2008) Oral lichen planus. www.emedicine.com/derm/topic663.htm
  78. Tamime AY (2002) Fermented milks: a historical food with modern applications – review. Eur J Nutr 56:2–15Google Scholar
  79. Tamime AJ, Marshall VME, Robinson RK (1995) Microbial aspects of milks fermented by bifidobacteria. J Dairy Res 62:151–187CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  80. Tarkkila L, Linna M, Tiitinen A, Lindqvist C, Meurman JH (2001) Oral symptoms at menopause–the role of hormone replacement therapy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 92:276–280CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  81. Teanpaisan R, Dahlen G (2006) Use of polymerase chain reaction techniques and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide get electrophoresis for differentiation of oral Lactobacillus species. Oral Micob Immunol 21:79–83CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  82. Teughels W, Kinder Haake S, Sliepen I, Pauwels M, Van Eldere J, Cassiman JJ, Quirynen M (2007a) Bacteria interfere with A. actinomycetemcomitans colonization. J Dent Res 86:611–617CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  83. Teughels W, Newman MG, Coucke W, Haffajee A, Van Der Mei HC, Haake SK, Schepers E, Cassiman JJ, Van Eldere J, van Steenberghe D, Quirynen M (2007b) Guiding periodontal pocket recolonization: a proof of concept. J Dent Res 86:1078–1082CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  84. Thaweboon B, Thaweboon S, Choonharuangdej S, Suppakpatana P (2006) Effects of sonicated Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Lactobacillus casei extracts on interleukin-8 production by human dental pulp cells. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 37:523–527Google Scholar
  85. Twetman S, Axelsson S, Dahlgren H, Holm AK, Kallestal C, Lagerlof F, Lingstrom P, Mejare I, Nordenram G, Norlund A, Petersson LG, Soder B (2003) Caries-preventive effect of fluoride toothpaste: a systematic review. Acta Odontol Scand 61:347–355CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  86. Twetman S, Petersson LG, Axelsson S, Dahlgren H, Holm AK, Kallestal C, Lagerlof F, Lingstrom P, Mejare I, Nordenram G, Norlund A, Soder B (2004) Caries-preventive effect of sodium fluoride mouthrinses: a systematic review of controlled clinical trials. Acta Odontol Scand 62:223–230CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  87. Twetman S, Stecksen-Blicks C (2008) Probiotics and oral health in children. Int J Pediatr Dent 18:3–10Google Scholar
  88. Van Hoogmoed CG, Geertsema-Doornbusch GI, Teughels W, Quirynen M, Busscher HJ, Van der Mei HC (2008) Reduction of periodontal pathogens adhesion by antagonistic strains. Oral Microbiol Immunol 23:43–48CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  89. Volozin AI, Il’in VK, Maksimovskii IUM, Sidorenko AB, Istranov LP, Tsarev VP, Istranova EV, Aboiants RK (2004) Development and use of periodontal dressing of collagen and Lactobacillus casei 37 cell suspension in combined treatment of periodontal disease of inflammatory origin (a microbiological study). Stomatologiia (Mosk) 83:6–8Google Scholar
  90. Wagner RD, Pierson C, Warner T, Dohnalek M, Hilty M, Balish E (2000) Probiotic effects of feeding heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei to Candida albicans-colonized immunodeficient mice. J Food Prot 63:638–644Google Scholar
  91. Widstrom E, Eaton KA (2004) Oral healthcare systems in the extended European union. Oral Health Prev Dent 2:155–194Google Scholar
  92. Wilkieson C, Samaranayake LP, MacFarlane TW, Lamey PJ, MacKenzie D (1991) Oral candidosis in the elderly in long-term hospital care. J Oral Pathol Med 20:13–16CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  93. Xie H, Lin X, Wang BY, Wu J, Lamont RJ (2007) Identification of a signalling molecule involved in bacterial intergeneric communication. Microbiology 153:3228–3234CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  94. Yli-Knuuttila H, Snäll J, Kari K, Meurman JH (2006) Colonization of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in the oral cavity. Oral Microbiol Immunol 21:129–131CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Institute of DentistryUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland

Personalised recommendations

Cite entry