Energy Balance and Feeding

  • S. C. Benoit
  • D. J. Clegg
  • S. C. Woods
Reference work entry

1 Introduction

1.1 Body Weight Is a Regulated Variable

Body weight (or more accurately body adiposity) is a regulated variable. To maintain body adiposity over time, caloric intake must equal caloric expenditure. Such an intricate process relies on the interactions of a number of physiological systems. As an example, there is a negative feedback regulator system that is composed of signals derived from adipose tissue, which inform the central nervous system (CNS) about the status of peripheral energy balance. Signals from adipose tissue or peripheral fat stores comprise one side of the hypothesized feedback loop. On the receiving side of this regulatory system are one or more central effector systems that translate adipose-store information into appropriate subsequent behavior. When the system detects low adipose stores, food intake is increased whereas energy expenditure is decreased in an attempt to maintain body adiposity and body weight. This negative feedback loop also functions...

List of Abbreviations:

AgRP

agouti-related peptide

ARC

arcuate

CCK

cholecystokinin

CHO

Chinese hamster ovary

CNS

central nervous system

ER

estrogen receptor

GC

glucocorticoid

HSPGs

heparan sulfate proteoglycans

IRS

insulin receptor substrate

IRs

insulin receptors

JAK

Janus Kinases

LH

lateral hypothalamic

LTP

long-term potentiation

MAPK

mitogen activated protein kinase

MC

melanocortin

NEAT

nonexercise activity thermogenesis

NPY

neuropeptide Y

POMC

pro-opiomelanocortin

PVN

paraventricular

RQ

respiratory quotient

SOCS

suppressors of cytokine signaling proteins

SPA

spontaneous physical activity

STAT

signal transducers and activators of transcription

WAT

white adipose tissue

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007

Authors and Affiliations

  • S. C. Benoit
  • D. J. Clegg
  • S. C. Woods

There are no affiliations available

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