Flourished  al‐Andalus, (Spain), beginning of the 12th century

Ibn al‐Kammād was a well‐known astronomer from al‐Andalus who influenced a number of later astronomers' writing in the Arabic, Hebrew, and Latin astronomical traditions. There is, however, little information about his life. He was probably born in Seville although he spent his working life in Cordova. Ibn al‐Kammād was a direct or indirect disciple of Zarqālī (11th century). Later astronomers from al‐Andalus, North Africa, and the Iberian Peninsula refer to him, and references to him occur in Arabic, Latin, and Hebrew sources. He seems to have also been known in eastern Islamic countries. The reference to a horoscope cast by Ibn al‐Kammād in Cordova in 1116–1117 that appears in the extant version of Ibn Isḥāq al‐Tūnisī's zījsuggests that he flourished at the beginning of the 12th century. Some modern sources, from the 19th century onward, suggest that he died in 1195; however, in light of the aforementioned horoscope,...