Abstract
Those who are concerned about global health have reason to care about poverty and environmental quality. Fair Trade is one way of ameliorating poverty and protecting the environment. After introducing Fair Trade certification schemas and considering some of the arguments for and against (different kinds of) trade in the literature, this chapter suggests some avenues for further research into new Fair Trade proposals that focus on health, in particular.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Angell, M. (2004). The truth about the drug companies: How they deceive us and what to do about it. New York: Random House.
Bacon, C. (2005). Confronting the coffee crisis: Can fair trade, organic, and specialty coffees reduce small-scale farmer vulnerability in northern Nicaragua? World Development, 33, 497–511.
Barnard, D. (2002). In the high court of South Africa, case no. 4138/98: The global politics of access to low-cost aids drugs in poor countries. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, 12, 159–174.
Bhutta, M. F. (2006). Fair trade for surgical instruments. British Medical Journal, 333, 297–299. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1526950/pdf/bmj33300297.pdf/?tool=pmcentrez
Calo, M., & Wise, T. A. (2005). Revaluing peasant coffee production: Organic and fair trade. Tufts University: Global Development and Environment Institute. Retrieved from http://www.maxhavelaar.nl/files/page/files/Revaluing%20Peasant%20Coffee%20-%202005.pdf
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2007). Vector control. Retrieved, from http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/control_prevention/vector_control.htm
Consumerreports.org. (2008). Energy Star has lost some luster the program saves energy but hasn’t kept up with the times. Retrieved, from http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/home-garden/resource-center/energy-star-has-lost-some-luster/overview/energy-star-ov.htm
Doyle, R. (2002). Calculus of happiness: Assessing subjective well-being across societies. Scientific American.
EPA. (2009). EPA announces energy star homes reach nearly 17 percent market share for 2008. Retrieved, from http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/8b770facf5edf6f185257359003fb69e/45e75621976f6dea852575e700550e14!OpenDocument
Eyal, N. (forthcoming). Global health impact labels. In E. J. Emanuel, & J. Millum (Eds.), Global justice in bioethics. New York: Oxford University Press.
Fair Trade Foundation. (2008). Fairtrade sales reach half a billion pounds. Retrieved, from http://www.fairtrade.org.uk/press_office/press_releases_and_statements/feb_2008/fairtrade_fortnight_launch.aspx
Fairtrade Labeling Organization (FLO). (2009). Facts and figures. Retrieved, from http://www.fairtrade.net/facts_and_figures.html?&L=&scale=0
Fashion United. (2010). The body shop targets 5Â % market share. Retrieved, from http://www.fashionunited.in/news/apparel/the-body-shop-targets-5-market-share-280420100434
FLO-CERT. (2009). FLO CERT GmbH: Home. Retrieved, from http://www.flo-cert.net/flo-cert/
Franklin Research’s Insight. (1994). Investing for a better world. Retrieved, from http://www.trilliuminvest.com/pdf/ifbw_9-94.pdf
Global Health Watch. (2005). Global health watch 2005–2006: An alternative world health report. New York: Zed Books.
GoodWeave International. (2009). Working to end child labor in the handmade rug industry. Retrieved, from http://www.goodweave.org/home.php
Hassoun, N. (2009). Free trade, poverty, and the environment. Public Affairs Quarterly, 22, 353–380.
Hassoun, N. (2011a). Fair trade. In D. Chaterjee (Ed.), The encyclopedia of global justice (pp. 333–336). Dordrecht: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9160-5_198.
Hassoun, N. (2011b). Making free trade fair. In V. Hendricks & D. Pritchard (Eds.), New waves in ethics (pp. 231–258). London: Palgrave and Macmillan.
Hassoun, N. (2012a). Global health impact: A basis for labeling and licensing campaigns? Developing World Bioethics. doi:10.1111/j.1471-8847.2011.00314.x.
Hassoun, N. (2012b). Measuring global health impact: Incentivizing research and development of drugs for neglected diseases. In P. Lenard & C. Straehle (Eds.), Justice and global health inequalities (pp. 176–194). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Hassoun, N. (2012c). Globalization and global justice: Shrinking distance, expanding obligations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Highleyman, L. (2002). The global justice movement. Retrieved, from http://www.black-rose.com/articles-liz/globjustice.html
Imhof, S., & Lee, A. (2007). Assessing the potential of fair trade for poverty reduction and conflict prevention: A case study of Bolivian coffee producers. Retrieved, from: http://www.swisspeace.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/Media/Topics/Further_Topics/Business_and_Peace/Imhof_Sandra_Assessing_the_Potential_of_Fair_Trade_for_Poverty_Reduction_and_Conflict_Prevention.pdf
International Fair Trade Association. (2008). What is fair trade? Retrieved, from http://www.ifat.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=11&Itemid=12
James, A. (2009). A theory of fairness in trade. UC Irvine, Working Paper. Retrieved, from http://politicalscience.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/workshop-materials/pt_james.pdf
Kesselheim, A. S. (2008). Think globally, prescribe locally: How rational pharmaceutical policy in the US can improve global access to essential medicines. American Journal of Law & Medicine, 34, 125–139.
Kurjanska, M., & Risse, M. (2008). Fairness in trade II: Export subsidies and the fair trade movement. Politics, Philosophy & Economics, 7, 29–56.
Leathers, H., & Foster, P. (2004). The world food problem: Tackling the causes of undernutrition in the third world. Colorado: Lynne Rienner.
McMahon, P. (2001). ‘Cause coffees’ produce a cup with an agenda. USA Today, A1–2.
Milford, A. (2004). Coffee, co-operatives and competition: The impact of fair trade. Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute. Retrieved, from https://www.google.com/search?q=Coffee%2C+co-operatives+and+competition%3A+the+impact+of+fair+trade&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a
Mullins, C. D., Palumbo, F., & Stuart, B. (2000). Projections of drug approvals, patent expirations, and generic entry from 2000 to 2004. Baltimore, MD: University of Maryland. Retrieved, from http://aspe.hhs.gov/health/reports/Drug-papers/Mullins-Palumbo%20paper-final.htm
Murray, D., Raynolds, L. T., Taylor, P. L. (2003). One cup at a time: Poverty alleviation and fair trade coffee in Latin America. Fort Collins: Colorado State University, Fair Trade Research Group. Retrieved, from http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/environment/compliance/ane/workshops/Jordan2007/day3/S/FairTradeandPovertyReductionStudy.pdf
New York Times. (1986). Analgesic makers in a battle. Retrieved, from http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec =health&res=9A0DE7D91F31F93BA25751C0A960948260
Pay, E. (2009). The market for organic and fair-trade coffee. FAO, 12. Retrieved, from http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/organicexports/docs/Market_Organic_FT_Coffee.pdf
Philips, J. (2008). Is there a moral case for fair trade products? On the moral duty for consumers to buy and for governments to support fair trade products. In R. Ruben (Ed.), The impact of fair trade (pp. 239–250). Wageningen, Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers.
Pogge, T. (2002). World poverty and human rights: Cosmopolitan responsibilities and reforms. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Pogge, T. (2007). Intellectual property rights and access to essential medicines. Global Policy Innovations, Carnegie Council for International Affairs. Retrieved, from http://www.policyinnovations.org/ideas/policy _library/data/FP4
Raynolds, L. (2002). Poverty alleviation through participation in fair trade coffee networks: Existing research and critical issues. New York: The Ford Foundation. Retrieved, from http://are.berkeley.edu/courses/EEP131/fall2007/Fairtrade/Raynolds.pdf
Red Cross. (2007). American Red Cross urges public health precautions. Retrieved, from http://www.redcross.org/pressrelease/0,1077,0_172_4554,00.htm
Respect Fair Trade Sports. (2008). Gear shop. Retrieved, from http://www.fairtradesports.com/gearshop
Ronchi, L. (2000). Fair trade in Costa Rica: An impact report. University of Sussex: Economics Subject Group. Ruben, R. (2008). The impact of fair trade. Wageningen, Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers.
Ruben, R. (2008). The impact of fair trade. Wageningen, Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers.
Taylor, P. L. (2002). Poverty alleviation through participation in fair trade coffee networks: Synthesis of case study research question findings. Colorado State University: Community and Resource Development Program.
The Star. (2009). The body shop remains upbeat despite downturn. Retrieved, from http://www.mfa.org.my/?franchise-news:the-body-shop-remains-upbeat-despite-downturn:2B3K77C863
Trouiller, P., Torreele, E., Olliaro, P., White, N., Foster, S., Wirth, D., et al. (2001). Drugs for neglected diseases: A failure of the market and a public health failure? Tropical Medicine & International Health, 6, 945–951.
United States Department of Agriculture. (2010). National Organic Program. Retrieved from http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/nop
US Department of Energy. (2008). Clothes washer product snapshot. Retrieved, from http://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/reps/pt_reps_res_retail/files/CW_ProductSnapshot_May08.pdf
Woolcock, M. (2001). The place of social capital in understanding social and economic outcomes. Canadian Journal of Policy Research, 2, 11–17.
World Fair Trade Organization. (2009). WFTO – home. Retrieved, from http://www.wfto.com/
World Health Organization. (2007a). 10 facts on preventing disease through healthy environments. Retrieved, from http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/environmental_health/en/index.html
World Health Organization. (2007b). The top ten causes of death. Retrieved, from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310.pdf If
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this entry
Cite this entry
Hassoun, N. (2014). Fair Trade. In: ten Have, H., Gordijn, B. (eds) Handbook of Global Bioethics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2512-6_138
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2512-6_138
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-2511-9
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-2512-6
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and Law