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Handbuch Klinische Psychologie pp 1–25Cite as

Biologische Grundlagen der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizits-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) des Erwachsenenalters

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Zusammenfassung

Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizits-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung des Erwachsenenalters ist eine weltweit häufige, psychiatrische Erkrankung mit Beginn in der Kindheit. Die Heritabilität wird geschätzt aus Zwillingsstudien mit bis zu 80 % angegeben. Von den bisher in Familien- und Kopplungsstudien sowie hypothesenfreien genomweiten Assoziationsstudien (genome-wide association studies, GWAS) gefundenen Risikogenvarianten konnten nur wenige Gene repliziert werden. Die Ursachen liegen vermutlich darin, dass es sich um eine komplex-genetische Erkrankung handelt und zum Erkrankungsrisiko nicht nur genetische Faktoren miteinander interagieren, sondern auch epigenetische Faktoren und Umweltfaktoren beitragen. Zudem verändert sich der Einfluss verschiedener Faktoren während der Lebensspanne, man spricht also von einer Gen-Umwelt-Entwicklungsinteraktion in der Äthiopathogenese der adulten ADHS.

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  1. Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland

    Sarah Kittel-Schneider

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  1. Klinische Psychologie, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

    Thomas Schnell

  2. Asklepios Fachklinikum, Göttingen, Niedersachsen, Germany

    Knut Schnell

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  1. Klinische Psychologie, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

    Thomas Schnell

  2. Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, LVR-Klinik Köln, Köln, Germany

    Euphrosyne Gouzoulis-Mayfrank

  3. Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

    Katja Beesdo-Baum

  4. Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

    Ingo Schäfer

  5. Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

    Erich Kasten

  6. HSD Hochschule Döpfer, Köln, Germany

    Janine Trunk

  7. Institut für Psychologische Psychotherapie IPP, Bochum, Germany

    Rainer Sachse

  8. Allgemeine Psychiatrie, LVR-Klinikum Essen, Essen, Germany

    Christian Mette

  9. Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

    Silke Wiegand-Grefe

  10. Allgemeine Psychiatrie, LVR-Klinikum Essen, Essen, Deutschland

    Christian Mette

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Kittel-Schneider, S. (2019). Biologische Grundlagen der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizits-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) des Erwachsenenalters. In: Schnell, T., Schnell, K. (eds) Handbuch Klinische Psychologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45995-9_18-1

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