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The Phylum Synergistetes

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The Prokaryotes

Abstract

The phylum Synergistetes has been characterized in 2009 and currently groups 12 genera and 20 species of Gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria with various morphologies and metabolisms, i.e., Aminiphilus, Aminobacterium, Aminomonas, Anaerobaculum, Cloacibacillus, Dethiosulfovibrio, “Fretibacterium,” Jonquetella, Pyramidobacter, Synergistes, Thermanaerovibrio, and Thermovirga. In addition, the genus Acetomicrobium has to be reclassified as belonging to this phylum. Cells are mainly rods with various shapes and are characterized by their ability to utilize amino acids as source for energy. Low cultivability accounts for the global lack of knowledge on most members of this phylum, and data currently available mainly arise from cultivation-independent studies. It is noteworthy that members of Synergistetes are widely distributed but more usually represent a minor population within inhabited ecosystems. Four types of habitats could be delineated depending on isolate or clone origin, including sludge and wastewater from anaerobic digesters, natural springs, natural seawater and sulfur mats, water related to petroleum and gas production facilities, and host-associated microbiota, Synergistes being more usually recovered from a unique of these site types according to the taxon considered. Although no data are currently available regarding their virulence in different hosts, their recovery in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions witnessed for a probable opportunistic pathogenic behavior.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to sincerely thank several collaborators whose work for phenotypic or genotypic characterization of anaerobic clinical isolates contributed to support the description of the phylum Synergistetes, Jean-Philippe Carlier, Audrey Damay, Bernard Gay, Hélène Jean-Pierre, Isabelle Zorgniotti, and Laurent Roudière.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UMR5119 ECOSYM, Equipe Pathogènes et Environnements, UFR des Sciences pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Montpellier 1, 15, avenue Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France

    Estelle Jumas-Bilak & Hélène Marchandin

  2. Laboratoire d’Hygiène hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France

    Estelle Jumas-Bilak

  3. Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France

    Hélène Marchandin

Authors
  1. Estelle Jumas-Bilak
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  2. Hélène Marchandin
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Estelle Jumas-Bilak .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Eugene Rosenberg

  2. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Edward F. DeLong

  3. Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA

    Edward F. DeLong

  4. Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Stephen Lory

  5. Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany

    Erko Stackebrandt

  6. Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Fabiano Thompson

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Jumas-Bilak, E., Marchandin, H. (2014). The Phylum Synergistetes. In: Rosenberg, E., DeLong, E.F., Lory, S., Stackebrandt, E., Thompson, F. (eds) The Prokaryotes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38954-2_384

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