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Encyclopedia of Astrobiology pp 1–4Cite as

Phobos-Grunt

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Synonyms

Phobos soil

Definition

Phobos-Grunt is a mission to Phobos, one of the two small satellites of Mars; it was developed by the Russian agency Roskosmos, with the participation of other countries to the science payload. Launch occured in Baikonur, on November 8, 2011, for an arrival end-2012, and a landing on Phobos mid-2013; the payload consisted in Phobos-Grunt and YingHuo-1, a Chinese satellite, intended to study Mars and Phobos. One of the goals of Phobos-Grunt was to proceed to in situ soil analyses, to help understand the composition of Phobos (structure, mineralogy, organic matter), hence its origin. About 200 g of soil samples should have been sent from Phobos to Earth, for a; landing in 2014. Unfortunately, due to some concerns in the cruise stage, the probe was unable to leave its elliptical orbit around the Earth, and to begin its cruise to Mars and Phobos. After orbiting for 2 months, it desintegrated while entering Earth dense layers of the atmosphere, and the...

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References and Further Reading

  • Avanesov G et al (1991) Results of TV imaging of Phobos (experiment VSK-Fregat). Planet Space Sci 39:281–295

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  • Christensen EJ, Born GH, Hildebrand CE, Williams BG (1977) The mass of Phobos from Viking flybys. Icarus 4:555–557

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  • Galimov EM (2010) Phobos sample return: scientific substantiation. Sol Syst Res 44:7–16

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  • Murchie S, Erard S (1996) Spectral properties and heterogeneity of Phobos from measurements by Phobos 2. Icarus 123:63–86

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  • Rivkin AS, Brown RH, Trilling DE, Bell JF III, Plassmann JH (2002) Near-infrared spectrophotometry of Phobos and Deimos. Icarus 156:64–75

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  • Simonelli DP, Wisz M, Switala A, Adinolfi D, Veverka J, Thomas PC, Helfenstein P (1997) Photometric properties of Phobos surface materials from Viking images. Icarus 131:52–77

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  • Zelenyi LM, Zakharov AV, Polischnik GM, Martynov MB (2010) Project of the mission to Phobos. Sol Syst Res 44:17–28

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. LATMOS/IPSL B102/T45-46, Université Pierre et Marie Curie UPMC-Paris 6, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252, Cedex 05, Paris, France

    Michel Cabane

Authors
  1. Michel Cabane
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Correspondence to Michel Cabane .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    Ricardo Amils

  2. Labo. d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux (LAB), Observatoire Aquitain des Sciences de l'Univers (OASU), Floirac CX, France

    Muriel Gargaud

  3. Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), Inst. Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain

    José Cernicharo Quintanilla

  4. Geophysical Lab., Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

    Henderson James Cleaves

  5. Astronomy Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA

    William M. Irvine

  6. Dépt. Sc. de la Terre et de l’Atmosphère, Université du Québec, Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada

    Daniele Pinti

  7. Centre National d'Etudes Spatiale (CNES) DPI/E2U, Paris CX, France

    Michel Viso

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© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Cabane, M. (2014). Phobos-Grunt. In: Amils, R., et al. Encyclopedia of Astrobiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_1182-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_1182-2

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-27833-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Physics and AstronomyReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics

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