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Textbook of Palliative Care pp 317–333Cite as

Mucositis

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Abstract

Mucositis is an inflammatory reaction of the mucosa of the alimentary tract (AT) caused by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy for cancer. It presents a significant burden not only to patient quality of life but also may result in diminished tumor control (through dose reductions) and increased treatment costs (due to extended hospital stays and supportive care). Mucositis symptoms may vary not only due to the treatment modality but also according to genetic predispositions of the patient toward developing toxicity (toxicogenomics). Management of mucositis is at present supportive only, with treatments that reduce incidence, severity, and duration of clinical symptoms, but do not prevent or cure mucositis altogether. A great deal of current research into the mechanisms involved in development and progression of mucositis is also being carried out; it is hoped that a clear understanding of mucositis pathophysiology, along with comprehensive toxicogenomics, will enable more preventative treatments to be developed.

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Abbreviations

5-FU:

5-fluorouracil

AT:

alimentary tract

BF:

Bayes factor

CAM:

complementary and alternative medicine

CT:

chemotherapy

GI:

gastrointestinal

GLP:

glucagon-like peptide

H2BT:

hydrogen breath test

HSCT:

hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

IL:

interleukin

LIL:

low-intensity laser

LLLT:

low-level laser therapy

MASCC/ISOO:

Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society of Oral Oncology

mAb:

monoclonal antibody

MMPs:

matrix metalloproteases

mTOR:

mechanistic target of rapamycin

NCI-CTCAE:

National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events

NF-κB:

nuclear factor kappa B

OM:

oral mucositis

PRO:

patient-reported outcome

QOL:

quality of life

RCT:

randomized controlled trial

RT:

radiotherapy

SBS:

short bowel syndrome

SBT:

13C-sucrose breath test

TAT:

targeted anticancer therapy

TBI:

total body irradiation

TKI:

tyrosine kinase inhibitor

TLR:

toll-like receptor

TNF:

tumour necrosis factor

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cancer Treatment Toxicities Group, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia

    Emma Bateman, Richard Logan, Rachel Gibson & Dorothy Keefe

  2. School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia

    Richard Logan

  3. Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia

    Rachel Gibson

Authors
  1. Emma Bateman
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  2. Richard Logan
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  3. Rachel Gibson
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  4. Dorothy Keefe
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dorothy Keefe .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine,Palliative Care, HammondCare, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, Australia

    Roderick Duncan MacLeod

  2. VUB-UGhent End-of-Life Care Research Group, Department of Family Medicine and Chronic Care and Department of Clinical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium

    Lieve Van den Block

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Bateman, E., Logan, R., Gibson, R., Keefe, D. (2019). Mucositis. In: MacLeod, R., Van den Block, L. (eds) Textbook of Palliative Care. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77740-5_17

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