Definition
Smart city: A city in which issues limiting sustainable urban development are tackled by means of ICT-related solutions.
Please note that, in this definition and this chapter, the term “city” is used to refer to any type of urban areas, irrespective of their population size, and the acronym ICT stands for Information and Communication Technology.
Introduction
Boosting sustainable urban development by helping cities across the world to adopt a smart city approach is one of the main commitments of the United Nations (UN). This commitment is made explicit in the New Urban Agenda, which gives particular attention to the potential contribution of smart city development to urban sustainability and suggests making determined efforts to meet urban challenges by deploying sustainability-oriented ICT innovations is key to: (1) attain environmentally friendly, resource efficient, safe, inclusive, and accessible urban environments; (2) sustain an economic growth based on the principles...
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
References
ABI Research (2013) More than 30 billion devices will wirelessly connect to the internet of everything in 2020. Press release. ABI Research. https://www.abiresearch.com/press/more-than-30-billion-devices-will-wirelessly-conne. Accessed 9 May 2013
Aina YA (2017) Achieving smart sustainable cities with GeoICT support: the Saudi evolving smart cities. Cities 71:49–58
Alawadhi S, Aldama-Nalda A, Chourabi H, Gil-Garcia RJ, Leung S, Mellouli S, Nam T, Pardo TA, Scholl HJ, Walker S (2012) Building understanding of smart city initiatives. In: Scholl HJ, Janssen M, Wimmer MA, Moe CE, Flak LS (eds) Electronic government: 11th IFIP WG 8.5 international conference, EGOV 2012, Kristiansand, Norway, September 3–6, 2012. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, pp 40–53
Alvin Yau K, Lau S, Chua HN, Ling MH, Iranmanesh V, Charis Kwan SC (2016) Greater Kuala Lumpur as a smart city: a case study on technology opportunities. In: 2016 8th international conference on knowledge and smart technology (KST), Chiangmai, 3–6 February 2016. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Piscataway, pp 96–101
Angelidou M (2017) The role of smart city characteristics in the plans of fifteen cities. J Urban Technol 24(4):3–28
Atzori L, Iera A, Morabito G (2010) The internet of things: a survey. Comput Netw 54(15):2787–2805
Badger E (2014) How a system for shared taxi rides could transform New York City. CityLab. http://www.citylab.com/cityfixer/2014/03/how-system-shared-taxi-rides-could-transform-new-york-city/8530/. Accessed 10 May 2015
Balestrini M, Marshall P, Diez T (2014) Beyond boundaries: the home as city infrastructure for smart citizens. In: Proceedings of the 2014 ACM international joint conference on pervasive and ubiquitous computing, Seattle, WA, 13–17 September 2014. ACM Press, New York, pp 987–990
Benevolo L (1993) The European city. Blackwell, Oxford
Bolici R, Mora L (2015) Urban regeneration in the digital era: how to develop smart city strategies in large European cities. TECHNE J Technol Archit Environ 5(2):110–119
Bouabdellah K, Noureddine H, Larbi S (2013) Using wireless sensor networks for reliable forest fires detection. Procedia Comput Sci 19:794–801
Boyd D, Crawford K (2012) Critical questions for big data: provocations for a cultural, technological, and scholarly phenomenon. Inf Commun Soc 15(5):662–679
Castells M (1996) The rise of the network society. Blackwell, Oxford
Castillo-Effen M, Quintela DH, Jordan R, Westhoff W, Moreno W (2004) Wireless sensor networks for flash-flood alerting. In: Proceedings of the fifth IEEE international Caracas conference on devices, circuits and systems, 2004, Punta Cana, 3–5 November 2004. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Piscataway, pp 142–146
Chen M, Mao S, Liu Y (2014) Big data: a survey. Mobile Netw Appl 19(2):171–209
Clay X (2016) Feed thy neighbour? There’s an app for that – Xanthe clay tried out food-sharing app olio. The Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/food-and-drink/features/feed-thy-neighbour-theres-an-app-for-that%2D%2D-xanthe-clay-tried-ou/. Accessed 10 November 2017
Colding J, Barthel S (2017) An urban ecology critique on the “smart city” model. J Clean Prod 164:95–101
Collotta M, Pau G, Salerno V, Scatá G (2012) Wireless sensor networks to improve road monitoring. In: Matin M (ed) Wireless sensor networks: technology and applications. InTech, Rijeka, pp 323–346
Cowley R, Joss S, Dayot Y (2018) The smart city and its publics: insights from across six UK cities. Urban Res Pract 11(1):53–77
Deakin M, Reid A (2016) Smart cities: under-gridding the sustainability of city-districts as energy efficient-low carbon zones. J Clean Prod 173:39–48
Díaz-Ramírez A, Tafoya LA, Atempa JA, Mejía-Alvarez P (2012) Wireless sensor networks and fusion information methods for forest fire detection. Procedia Technol 3:69–79
Diez T, Posada A (2013) The fab and the smart city: the use of machines and technology for the city production by its citizens. In: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on tangible, embedded and embodied interaction, Barcelona, 10–13 February 2013. ACM Press, New York City, pp 447–454
Ericsson (2013) Ericsson mobility report: on the pulse of the networked society. Ericsson. http://www.ericsson.com/res/docs/2013/ericsson-mobility-report-november-2013.pdf. Accessed 10 June 2014
Ericsson (2014) Ericsson mobility report: on the pulse of the networked society. November 2014. Ericsson. https://www.ericsson.com/assets/local/mobility-report/documents/2014/ericsson-mobility-report-november-2014.pdf. Accessed 13 Jan 2018
Ericsson (2015) Ericsson mobility report: on the pulse of the networked society. November 2015. Ericsson. https://www.ericsson.com/assets/local/mobility-report/documents/2015/ericsson-mobility-report-nov-2015.pdf. Accessed 13 Jan 2018
Ericsson (2016) Ericsson mobility report: on the pulse of the networked society. November 2016. Ericsson. https://www.ericsson.com/assets/local/mobility-report/documents/2016/ericsson-mobility-report-november-2016.pdf. Accessed 13 Jan 2018
Ericsson (2017) Ericsson mobility report: on the pulse of the networked society. June 2017. Ericsson. https://www.ericsson.com/assets/local/mobility-report/documents/2017/ericsson-mobility-report-june-2017.pdf. Accessed 13 Jan 2018
Erol-Kantarci M, Mouftah HT (2011) Wireless sensor networks for cost-efficient residential energy management in the smart grid. IEEE Trans Smart Grid 2(2):314–325
European Commission (2010) A commitment towards Europe’s energy and climate policy. Brochure. European Commission. http://www.eumayors.eu/IMG/pdf/com_brochure_en.pdf. Accessed 5 June 2014
Evans D (2011) The internet of things: how the next evolution of the internet is changing everything. White paper. Cisco Systems. http://www.cisco.com/web/about/ac79/docs/innov/IoT_IBSG_0411FINAL.pdf. Accessed 14 June 2014
Eyre J, Bier J (1998) DSP processors hit the mainstream. Computer 31(8):51–59
FAO (2013) The state of food and agriculture: food systems for better nutrition. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome
FAO, IFAD, WFP (2015a) Achieving zero hunger: the critical role of investments in social protection and agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome
FAO, IFAD, WFP (2015b) The state of food insecurity in the world: meeting the 2015 international hunger targets: taking stock of uneven progress. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome
Faulkner M, Olson M, Chandy R, Krause J, Chandy KM, Krause A (2011) The next big one: detecting earthquakes and other rare events from community-based sensors. In: 2011 10th international conference on information processing in sensor networks (IPSN), Chicago, IL, 12–14 April 2011. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Piscataway, pp 13–24
Fietkiewicz KJ, Stock WG (2015) How smart are Japanese cities? An empirical investigation of infrastructures and governmental programs in Tokyo, Yokohama, Osaka and Kyoto. In: Bui TX, Sprague RH (eds) Proceedings of the 48th Hawaii international conference on system sciences (HICSS), Kauai, HI, 5–8 January 2015. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Piscataway, pp 2345–2354
Fischer J, Redlich J, Scheuermann B, Schiller J, Gunes M, Nagel K, Wagner P, Scheidgen M, Zubow A, Eveslage I, Sombrutzki R, Juraschek F (2013) From earthquake detection to traffic surveillance: about information and communication infrastructures for smart cities. In: Haugen Ø, Reed R, Gotzhein R (eds) System analysis and modeling: theory and practice. 7th international workshop, SAM 2012, Innsbruck, Austria, October 1–2, 2012. Revised selected papers. Springer, Berlin, pp 121–141
Fox K (2016) FoodCloud: new app proves a nourishing idea for wasted food. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/dec/04/new-app-proves-a-nourishing-idea-for-wasted-food-foodcloud. Accessed 10 Aug 2017
Gantz J, Reinsel D (2011) Extracting value from chaos. Press Release. IDC. https://www.emc.com/collateral/analyst-reports/idc-extracting-value-from-chaos-ar.pdf. Accessed 10 Mar 2018
Gantz JF, Chute C, Manfrediz A, Minton S, Reinsel D, Schlichting W, Toncheva A (2008) The diverse and exploding digital universe: an updated forecast of worldwide information growth through 2011. White Paper. IDC. https://www.ag.bka.gv.at/at.gv.bka.wiki-bka/img_auth.php/f/fe/Diverse-exploding-digital-universe.pdf. Accessed 10 Mar 2018
Gartner (2013) Gartner says the internet of things installed base will grow to 26 billion units by 2020. Press release. Gartner. http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2636073. Accessed 12 Dec 2013
Harris SA (2017) Food waste app OLIO has become a lifeline for those who can’t afford to feed themselves. HuffPost. https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/food-waste-app-olio-hidden-hunger_uk_595f4212e4b0d5b458e97c36. Accessed 5 Mar 2018
Hejlová V, Voženílek V (2013) Wireless sensor network components for air pollution monitoring in the urban environment: criteria and analysis for their selection. Wirel Sens Netw 5(12):229–240
Holler J, Tsiatsis V, Avesand S, Karnouskos S, Boyle D (2014) From machine-to-machine to the internet of things: introduction to a new age of intelligence. Elsevier, Oxford
Holmes H (2018) New spaces, ordinary practices: circulating and sharing within diverse economies of provisioning. Geoforum 88:138–147
IBM Corporation (2012) The four V’s of big data. Infographic. IBM Corporation. http://www-01.ibm.com/software/data/bigdata/. Accessed 12 Jan 2014
ITU (2014) Global ICT developments. Dataset. International Telecommunication Union. http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/statistics/2014/stat_page_all_charts_2014.xls. Accessed 10 Apr 2014
ITU (2016) Key ICT indicators for developed and developing countries and the world (totals and penetration rates). Dataset. International Telecommunication Union. https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/statistics/2017/ITU_Key_2005-2017_ICT_data.xls. Accessed 20 Jan 2018
ITU and UNESCO (2016) The state of broadband: broadband catalyzing sustainable development. September 2016. International Telecommunication Union and UNESCO. https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-s/opb/pol/S-POL-BROADBAND.17-2016-PDF-E.pdf. Accessed 27 Mar 2018
Jeffrey J, Patil RG, Kaipu Narahari SK, Didagi Y, Bapat J, Das D (2012) Smart parking service based on wireless sensor networks. In: IECON 2012 – 38th annual conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Montreal, 25–28 October 2012. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Piscataway, pp 6029–6034
Jordana S (2010) BIG’s proposal for the Audi urban future award. Online article. ArchDaily. http://www.archdaily.com/77103/bigs-proposal-for-the-audi-urban-future-award/. Accessed 08 Mar 2014
Kitchin R (2015) Making sense of smart cities: addressing present shortcomings. Camb J Reg Econ Soc 8(1):131–136
Komninos N, Mora L (2018) Exploring the big picture of smart city research. Sci Reg: Italian J Reg Sci 1(2018):15–38
Kulkarni A, Sathe S (2014) Healthcare applications of the internet of things: a review. Int J Comput Sci Inf Technol 5(5):6229–6232
Kurzweil R (2004) The law of accelerating returns. In: Teuscher C (ed) Alan Turing: life and legacy of a great thinker. Springer, Berlin, pp 381–416
Lee J, Hancock MG, Hu M (2014) Towards an effective framework for building smart cities: lessons from Seoul and San Francisco. Technol Forecast Soc Chang 89:80–99
Lei Win T (2017) There is now ‘tinder for food’ and it could help save the environment. The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/tinder-food-waste-olio-help-save-environment-a8113091.html. Accessed 3 Mar 2018
Leydesdorff L, Deakin M (2011) The triple-helix model of smart cities: a neo-evolutionary perspective. J Urban Technol 18(2):53–63
Lynch K (1960) The image of the city. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
Mack C (2011) Fifty years of Moore’s law. IEEE Trans Semicond Manuf 24(2):202–207
McAfee A, Brynjolfsson E (2012) Big data: the management revolution. Harv Bus Rev 90(10):60–68
McEachran R (2016) Can a craigslist for cucumbers tackle the UK’s food waste?. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/media-network/2016/may/12/craigslist-uk-food-waste-sharing-economy-apps. Accessed 5 June 2017
Mitchell WJ (1995) The city of bits: space, place, and the infobahn. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
Mitchell WJ (1999) E-topia: urban life, Jim--but not as we know it. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
Mitchell WJ (2003) Me++: the cyborg self and the networked city. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
Mitchell WJ (2004) The city of bits hypotesis. In: Graham S (ed) The cybercities reader. Routledge, New York City, pp 123–128
Moore G (1965) Cramming more components onto integrated circuits. Electronics 38(8):1–4
Mora L, Bolici R (2016) The development process of smart city strategies: the case of Barcelona. In: Rajaniemi J (ed) Re-city: future city – combining disciplines. Juvenes Print, Tampere, pp 155–181
Mora L, Bolici R (2017) How to become a smart city: learning from Amsterdam. In: Bisello A, Vettorato D, Stephens R, Elisei P (eds) Smart and sustainable planning for cities and regions: results of SSPCR 2015. Springer, Cham, pp 251–266
Mora L, Bolici R, Deakin M (2017) The first two decades of smart-city research: a bibliometric analysis. J Urban Technol 24(1):3–27
Mora L, Deakin M, Reid A (2018a) Combining co-citation clustering and text-based analysis to reveal the main development paths of smart cities. Technol Forecast Soc Chang. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.07.019
Mora L, Deakin M, Reid A (2018b) Smart city development paths: insights from the first two decades of research. In: Bisello A, Vettorato D, Laconte P, Costa S (eds) Smart and sustainable planning for cities and region: Results of SSPCR 2017. Springer, Cham
Mora L, Deakin M, Reid A (2018c) Strategic principles for smart city development: a multiple case study analysis of European best practices. Technol Forecast Soc Chang. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.07.035
Mora L, Deakin M, Reid A, Angelidou M (2018d) How to overcome the dichotomous nature of smart city research: proposed methodology and results of a pilot study. J Urban Technol. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2018.1525265
Pierce FJ, Elliott TV (2008) Regional and on-farm wireless sensor networks for agricultural systems in Eastern Washington. Comput Electron Agric 61(1):32–43
Pinstrup-Andersen P, Rahmanian M, Allahoury A, Guillou M, Hendriks S, Hewitt J, Iwanaga M, Kalafatic C, Kliksberg B, Maluf R, Murphy S, Oniang’o R, Pimbert M, Sepúlveda M, Tang H, Prakash V, Ambuko J, Belik W, Huang J, Timmermans A, Gitz V (2014) Food losses and waste in the context of sustainable food systems. Report. High level panel of experts on food security and nutrition (HLPE). http://www.un.org/en/zerohunger/pdfs/HLPE_FLW_Report-8_EN.pdf. Accessed 5 Sept 2016
Plessi V, Bastianini F, Sedigh S (2007) A wireless system for real-time environmental and structural monitoring. In: Obermaisser R, Nah Y, Puschner P, Rammig FJ (eds) Software technologies for embedded and ubiquitous systems: 5th IFIP WG 10.2 international workshop, SEUS 2007, Santorini Island, Greece, May 2007. Revised papers. Springer, Berlin, pp 456–465
Praharaj S, Han JH, Hawken S (2017) Urban innovation through policy integration: critical perspectives from 100 smart cities mission in India. City Cult Soc 12:35–43
Rector K (2018) Enhancing accessibility and engagement for those with disabilities. IEEE Pervasive Comput 17(1):9–12
Ryan J (2010) A history of the internet and the digital future. Reaktion Books Ltd., London
Saha M, Hara K, Behnezhad S, Li A, Saugstad M, Maddali H, Chen S, Froehlich JE (2017) A pilot deployment of an online tool for large-scale virtual auditing of urban accessibility. In: ASSETS’17: proceedings of the 19th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on computers and accessibility, Baltimore, MD, 29 October–01 November 2017. ACM Press, New York City, pp 305–306
Santi P, Resta G, Szell M, Sobolevsky S, Strogatz S, Ratti C (2014) Quantifying the benefits of vehicle pooling with shareability networks. PNAS 111(37):13290–13294
Saunders T, Baeck P (2015) Rethinking smart cities from the ground up. Research report. Nesta. http://www.nesta.org.uk/sites/default/files/rethinking_smart_cities_from_the_ground_up_2015.pdf. Accessed 2 Nov 2015
Schaller RR (1997) Moore’s law: past, present, and future. IEEE Spectr 34(6):52–59
Schreiner C (2016) International case studies of smart cities: Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Discussion paper. Inter-American Development Bank. https://publications.iadb.org/bitstream/handle/11319/7727/International-Case-Studies-of-Smart-Cities-Rio-de-Janeiro-Brazil.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. Accessed 15 July 2017
Shark AR (2015) Technology and public management. Routledge, New York City
Shwayri ST (2013) A model Korean ubiquitous eco-city? The politics of making Songdo. J Urban Technol 20(1):39–55
Stertz B (2014) MIT, Audi launch HubCab project in New York City. Press Release. AUDI. https://www.audiusa.com/newsroom/news/press-releases/2014/03/mit-audi-hubcab-project-new-york-city. Accessed 5 May 2015
Szell M, Groß B (2014) HubCab – exploring the benefits of shared taxi services. In: Offenhuber D, Ratti C (eds) Decoding the city: how big data can change urbanism. Birkhäuser, Basel, pp 28–39
Taylor C (2013) Three enormous problems big data tech solves. Wired. http://www.wired.com/2013/08/three-enormous-problems-big-data-tech-solves/. Accessed 12 Jan 2014
Tselentis G, Domingue J, Galis A, Gavras A, Hausheer D, Krco H, Lotz V, Zahariadis T (eds) (2009) Towards the future internet: a European research perspective. IOS Press, Amsterdam
UNDP (2015) Smartphone app to turn E-trash into hard cash in China is among winning innovations at global solutions summit. United Nations Development Programme. http://www.asia-pacific.undp.org/content/rbap/en/home/presscenter/pressreleases/2015/09/29/smartphone-app-to-turn-e-trash-into-hard-cash-in-china-is-among-winning-innovations-at-global-solutions-summit.html. Accessed 10 Mar 2018
UNDP (2016a) China: turning e-trash into cash. United Nations Development Programme. http://www.asia-pacific.undp.org/content/rbap/en/home/ourwork/development-impact/innovation/projects/china-ewaste.html. Accessed 10 Mar 2018
UNDP (2016b) China’s e-waste recycling app goes global. United Nations Development Programme. http://www.asia-pacific.undp.org/content/rbap/en/home/presscenter/pressreleases/2016/06/02/china-s-e-waste-recycling-app-goes-global-.html. Accessed 10 Mar 2018
United Nations (2014) World urbanization prospects: the 2014 revision. ST/ESA/SER.A/352. United Nations. https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/publications/files/wup2014-highlights.pdf. Accessed 31 Mar 2015
United Nations (2017a) New urban agenda. A/RES/71/256. United Nations. http://habitat3.org/wp-content/uploads/NUA-English.pdf. Accessed 10 Dec 2017
United Nations (2017b) World population prospects: the 2017 revision, key findings and advance tables. ESA/P/WP/248. United Nations. https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/publications/Files/WPP2017_KeyFindings.pdf. Accessed 10 Dec 2017
Vanolo A (2014) Smartmentality: the smart city as disciplinary strategy. Urban Stud 51(5):883–898
WHO (2016) World health statistics 2016: monitoring health for the SDGs. World Health Organization, Geneva
Wiig A (2015a) IBM’s smart city as techno-utopian policy mobility. City 19(2–3):258–273
Wiig A (2015b) The empty rhetoric of the smart city: from digital inclusion to economic promotion in Philadelphia. Urban Geogr 37(4):535–553
Yigitcanlar T, Kamruzzaman M (2018) Does smart city policy lead to sustainability of cities? Land Use Policy 73:49–58
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Mora, L., Deakin, M., Aina, Y.A., Appio, F.P. (2019). Smart City Development: ICT Innovation for Urban Sustainability. In: Leal Filho, W., Azul, A., Brandli, L., Özuyar, P., Wall, T. (eds) Sustainable Cities and Communities. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71061-7_27-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71061-7_27-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-71061-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-71061-7
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Earth and Environm. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Earth and Environmental Sciences
Publish with us
Chapter history
-
Latest
Smart City Development: ICT Innovation for Urban Sustainability- Published:
- 21 August 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71061-7_27-2
-
Original
Smart City Development: ICT Innovation for Urban Sustainability- Published:
- 01 February 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71061-7_27-1