Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Resilience in Climate Stressed Environment Through Water Grabbing

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of Climate Change Resilience

Abstract

Climate change (CC) is currently considered as the most severe and devastating environmental catastrophe facing the globe. CC is the latest environmental driver of global environmental change causing rainfall shortage and water stress across the globe. This chapter reports a study carried out on water grabbing as solution for food production and water shortages in CC-stricken areas along the Pangani River Basin (PRB) in Tanzania. Results indicated that the mean yields before water grabbing were statistically (P < 0.001) higher than yields after water grabbing. Drivers for water grabbing include climate change and variability in some parts of the world, human population dynamics, change of consumption patterns, economic growth, and technological advancement. The effects of CC and water grabbing include loss of some aquatic flora and fauna, water use conflicts, and poor crop production. It is recommended that smallholder farmers have to adapt to drought-resistant crops and short-term seed varieties and carry out groundwater research and rainwater harvesting. More research should be carried out so as to know the link between CC and the decline of rainfall and water flow. Moreover, efforts should be made to conserve the Kilimanjaro Mountain to restore the vanishing ice cape.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Baker ME, Weller DE, Jordan TE (2006) Improved methods for quantifying potential nutrient interception by riparian buffers. Landsc Ecol 21:1327–1345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boko M, Niang I, Nyong A, Vogel C, Githeko A, Medany M, Osman-Elasha B, Tabo R, Yanda P (2007) Africa. In: Parry ML, Canziani OF, Palutikof JP, van der Linden PJ, Hanson CE (eds) Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of working group II to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp 433–467

    Google Scholar 

  • Borras SM, Kay C, Go’mez S, Wilkinson J (2012) Land grabbing and global capitalist accumulation: key features in Latin America. Can J Develop Stud 33:402–416

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Challinor AJ, Wheeler TR (2008) Crop yield reduction in the tropics under climate change: processes and uncertainties. Agric Forestry Meteorol 148:343–356

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Charbit C (2011) Governance of public policies in decentralized contexts: the multi-level approach. In: OECD regional development working papers, 2011/04. OECD Publishing, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • Cotula L, Vermeulen S (2009a) Land grabs in Africa: can the deals work for development? Briefing. International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), London

    Google Scholar 

  • Cotula L, Vermeulen S (2009b) Deal or no deal: the outlook for agricultural land investment in Africa. Int Aff 85(6):1233–1247

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cotula L, Vermeulen S, Leonard R, Keeley J (2009) Land grab or development opportunity? Agricultural investment and international land deals in Africa. International Institute for Environment and Development, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, and International Fund for Agricultural Development, London/Rome

    Google Scholar 

  • Cotula L, Vermeulen S, Mathieu P, Toulmin C (2011) Agricultural investment and international land deals: evidence from a multi-country study in Africa. Food Security 3:99–113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • FAO (2002) Investments in land and water. In: Proceedings of the regional consultation, Bangkok, Thailand, 3–5 October 2001. RAP Publication 2002/09

    Google Scholar 

  • Franks T, Bdliya H, Mbuya L (2011) Water governance and river basin management: comparative experiences from Nigeria and Tanzania. Int J River Basin Manage 9(2):93–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/15715124.2011.591292

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gbetibouo G, Hassan R (2005) Economic impact of climate change on major south African field crops: a Ricardian approach. Global Planet Change 47:143–152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gleick PH (2000) The changing water paradigm: a look at twenty-first century water resources development. Water Int 25(1):127–138

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon-Maclean A, Laizer J, Harrison P, Shemdoe R (2008) Biofuel industry study, Tanzania: an assessment of the current situation. A report submitted to the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Tanzania Country Office, Dar es Salaam. 95pp

    Google Scholar 

  • GRAIN (2008) Seized! The 2008 land grab for food and financial security, GRAIN, http://www.grain.org/go/landgrab

  • HakiArdhi (2010) Accumulation by land dispossession and labour devaluation in Tanzania: the case of biofuel and forestry investments in Kilwa and Kilolo, Tanzania. Research report submitted to land rights and resources institute, 62pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall H (2011) Land grabbing in southern Africa: the many faces of the investor rush. Rev Afr Polit Econ 38(128):193–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2011.582753

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harvey D (2003) The new imperialism. Oxford University Press, New York 265pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Hellar-Kihampa H (2011) Pesticides residues four rivers running through an intensive agricultural area, Kilimanjaro Tanzania. J Appl Sci Environ Manag 15:307–316

    Google Scholar 

  • Hellar-Kihampa H (2013) Micro-contaminants analysis of water and sediments from Pangani River Basin, Tanzania. Thesis for Award of PhD Degree of the University of Antwerp, Belgium. 203pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Hellar H, Kishimba MA (2005) Pesticides residues in water from TPC sugarcane plantations and enviros, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Tanzan J Sci 31:13–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoogenboom G (2000) Contribution of agrometeorology to the simulation of crop production and its applications. Agric For Meteorol 103:137–57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Howden SM, O’Leary GJ (1997) Evaluating options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from an Australian temperate wheat cropping system. Environ Model Soft 12:169–176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IUCN (2003) Pangani Basin: a situation analysis. IUCN Eastern Africa Programme, Nairobi, 104pp

    Google Scholar 

  • IUCN (2007) Pangani river system. State of the basin report – 2007 Tanzania. Submitted to Pangani Basin Water Office and IUCN Eastern Africa Regional Office. 51pp

    Google Scholar 

  • IUCN, PBWO (2008) Scenario report: the analysis of water allocation scenarios for the Pangani River Basin. Moshi: The World Conservation Union (IUCN) and Pangani Basin Water Office (PBWO)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaoneka ARS (1993) Land use in the West Usambara Mountain: analysis of ecological and socio-economic aspects with special reference to forestry. Doctor of science thesis, Department of Forestry, Agricultural University of Norway, Report No. 2. 78pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Kediziora A (2010) Landscape management practices for maintenance and enhancement of ecosystem services in countryside. Ecohydrol Hydrobiol 10:133–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Komakech HC, van der Zaag P (2011) Understanding the emergence and functioning of river committees in a catchment of the Pangani basin, Tanzania. Water Alternatives 4(2):197–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Lalika MCS (2017) Potential for payments for watershed services and climate change adaptation in Pangani River Basin, Tanzania. PhD thesis. Submitted for the degree of doctor in environmental science at the University of Antwerpen, Belgium, 268pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Lalika MCS, de Deckere E, Ngaga YM (2011) Payment for water services as basis for natural resource management: experience from Pangani Basin Tanzania. In: Anderson K, Okeyo-Owur JB, Hezron M (eds) Towards implementation of payment for environmental services (PES). BOD Publishers, London, pp 176–195

    Google Scholar 

  • Lalika MCS, Meire P, Ngaga YM, Sanga GJ (2017) Willingness to pay for watershed conservation: are we applying the right paradigm? Ecohydrol Hydrobiol 17(1):33–45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lambrechts C, Woodley B, Hemp A, Hemp C, Nyiti P (2002) Aerial survey of the threats to Mount Kilimanjaro forests. United Nation Development Programme (UNDP), Dar es Salaam, 48pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Lankford, Bruce A (2005a) Rural infrastructure to contribute to African Agricultural Development: The case of irrigation. Report for the commission for Africa. Overseas Development Group, Norwich, UK. www.uea.ac.uk/dev/faculty/lankford/cfa_irrig_may05.pdf. Accessed 30 June 2013

  • Lankford Bruce A (2005b) Water resources management: finding space in scarcity. Scarcity and the politics of allocation workshop, 6–7 June, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Lankford Bruce A, Mwaruvanda W (2005) A framework to integrate formal and informal water rights in river basin management. In: African water laws: plural legislative frameworks for rural water management in Africa, 26–28 January, Johannesburg, South Africa

    Google Scholar 

  • Larsen S (2012) Foreign land acquisition in Tanzania: global ideology, global perspectives. Master MSc dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of MSc in human geography. University of Oslo Norway. 93pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Malthus T (1798) An essay on the principle of population. J. Johnson, St. Paul’s Church-Yard 134pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Matondi P (2010) Agro-investments in Zimbabwe at a time of redistributive land reforms. Paper presented at the regional workshop on commercialization of land and “land grabbing” in Southern Africa hosted by the Institute for Poverty, Land and Agrarian Studies (PLAAS), University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, 24–25 Mar 2010

    Google Scholar 

  • Mbonile MJ (1999a) Population dynamics on the slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro. In: Mount Kilimanjaro: land and environmental management. French Institute for Research in Africa, Nairobi, pp 18–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Mbonile MJ (1999b) Population mobility and migration in Mount Kilimanjaro. In: Mount Kilimanjaro: land and environmental management. French Institute for Research in Africa, Nairobi, pp 24–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Mbonile MJ (2001) Rural population mobility in the Pangani basin, Tanzania. In: Ngana JO (ed) Water resources management in the Pangani basin: challenges and opportunities. University of Dar es Salaam Press, Dar es Salaam, pp 14–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Mbonile MJ (2005) Population, migration, and water conflicts in the Pangani river basin, Tanzania. In: Population, health, environment, and conflict. ECSP report from Africa. Issue no 2

    Google Scholar 

  • Molden D, de Fraiture C (2010) Comprehensive assessment of water management in agriculture. Agric Water Manag 97(4):493–578

    Google Scholar 

  • Mshandete AM (2011) Biofuels in Tanzania: status, opportunities and challenges. J Appl Biosci 40:2677–2705

    Google Scholar 

  • Msuya TS (2010) Developing integrated institutional framework for sustainable watershed management in Pangani River Basin, Tanzania. Thesis for Award of PhD degree of Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania, 359pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Mulungu DMM (1997) Application of linear models for inflow forecasting to Nyumba ya Mungu Reservoir in Pangani River basin Tanzania. Unpublished Master’s thesis, Department of Water Resources Engineering, University of Dares Salaam, Tanzania, 120pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Mwamila TB, Kimwaga RJ, Mtalo FW (2008) Eco-hydrology of the Pangani River downstream of Nyumba ya Mungu reservoir, Tanzania. Phys Chem Earth 33:695–700

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ndomba PM, Felix W, Mtalo FW, Killingtveit A (2008) A guided SWAT model application on sediment yield modeling in Pangani River basin: lesson learnt. J Urban Environ Eng 2(2):53–62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Newmark WD (1998) Forest area, fragmentation, and loss in the Eastern Arc Mountains: implications for the conservation of biological diversity. J East Afr Nat Hist 87:1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ngana J, Notter B, Messerli P, Wiesmann U, Mbeyale G, Msuya T, Chitiki A (2010) Managing water resources in dynamic settings: a multi-level, multi-stakeholder perspective. In: Hurni H, Wiesmann U (eds; with an international group of co-editors). Global change and sustainable development: a synthesis of regional experiences from research partnerships. Perspectives of the Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) North-South, University of Bern, vol 5. Geographica Bernensia, Bern, pp 91–106

    Google Scholar 

  • PBWO and IUCN (2011) Ground water assessment of the Pangani Basin/Tanzania. Final report submitted to Pangani Basin Water Office. 168pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Randhir TO, Ekness P (2013) Water quality change and habitat potential in riparian. Ecohydrol Hydrobiol 13:192–200

    Google Scholar 

  • Rulli MC, Savioria A, D’Odorico P (2012) Global land and water grabbing. PNAS 110:4. www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1213163110. Accessed Nov 2013

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shaghude YW (2006) Review of water resource exploitation and land use pressure in Pangani River basin Tanzania. Western Ind Ocean Mar Sci Assoc J 5(2):195–207

    Google Scholar 

  • Sotthewes W (2008) Forcing on the salinity distribution in Pangani estuary, Tanzania. MSc thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of Masters of Science at Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands, 82pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Sulle E, Nelson F (2009) Biofuels, land access and rural livelihoods in Tanzania. International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), London

    Google Scholar 

  • The Oakland Institute (2011) Understanding land investment deals in África; Land grabs leave Africa thirsty. http://polarisinstitute.org/files/OI_brief_land_grabs_leave_africa_thirsty_1.pdf. Accessed Dec 2013

  • Turpie J, Ngaga YM, Karanja F (2005) Catchment ecosystems and downstream water: the value of water resources in the Pangani Basin, Tanzania, Lao PDR. IUCN water, nature and economics technical paper No. 7, IUCN the World conservation union, ecosystems and livelihoods group Asia 108pp. http://www.waterandnature.org. (site visited on June 20, 203)

  • UNDP (2006) Human development report 2006. United Nations Development Programme beyond scarcity: power, poverty and the global water crisis, 440pp

    Google Scholar 

  • URT (1995) National land policy. Ministry of land and human settlements development. United Republic of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, 49pp

    Google Scholar 

  • URT (1997) National environment policy, division of environment, Vice – President’s Office (VPO). United Republic of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, 44pp

    Google Scholar 

  • URT (1999a) 1999 Land Act. National Land Policy. Ministry of Land and Human Settlements Development. United Republic of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam

    Google Scholar 

  • URT (1999b) 199 Village land act. National land policy. Ministry of Land and Human Settlements Development. United Republic of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam

    Google Scholar 

  • URT (2002) National water policy. Ministry of water and livestock development. United Republic of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, 49pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Valimba P (2005) Rainfall variability in southern Africa, its influences on stream flow variations and its relationships with climatic variations, Unpublished PhD thesis, Rhodes University

    Google Scholar 

  • Valimba P (2007) Spatial variation of hydrological floods during the short rains in Northeast Tanzania. In: Proceedings of the international conference on climate and water, Helsinki (Finland), 3–6 Sep 2007

    Google Scholar 

  • von Braun J, Meinzen-Dick R (2009) “Land grabbing” by foreign investors in developing countries – Risk and opportunities. In: International food policy research institute, Policy brief no. 13. www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/bp013all.pdf Accessed March 2015

  • White B, Dasgupta A (2010) Agrofuels capitalism: a view from political economy. J Peasant Stud 37(4):593–607

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Bank (2010) Rising global interest in farmland: can it yield sustainable and equitable benefits? The World Bank, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

The financial support for this work came from the Government of Belgium (PhD scholarship grant number 09TAN/5917) through the Belgium Technical Cooperation (BTC).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Solomon Mahlangu College of Science and Education, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania

    Makarius C. S. Lalika

Authors
  1. Makarius C. S. Lalika
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Makarius C. S. Lalika .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. FTZ-NK, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences , Hamburg, Germany

    Walter Leal Filho

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Lalika, M.C.S. (2019). Resilience in Climate Stressed Environment Through Water Grabbing. In: Leal Filho, W. (eds) Handbook of Climate Change Resilience. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71025-9_68-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71025-9_68-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-71025-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-71025-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Earth and Environm. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Earth and Environmental Sciences

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation