Abstract
In this study, we compare nanoparticles (NPs) of Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 spinel ferrite produced by a novel simple synthetic technique with those made by standard co-precipitation, sol-gel, and hydrothermal methods. The novel process is based on the addition of a very small amount of ethanol (only 2 vol% in water with a low ethanol:metals molar ratio of 0.5:1, not a co-solvent) during co-precipitation to synthesize a nanopowder, which formed single-phase magnetic spinel ferrite when heated at 700 °C. This technique produced cobalt–zinc ferrite NPs smaller than those formed by the other methods, with an average crystallite size of 17 nm calculated from X-Ray Diffraction and NPs sizes around 30 nm observed by scanning electron microscopy. A surface area of 32 m2/g, and a total pore volume of about 0.56 cm3/g, were determined by the BET isotherm. The best catalytic capabilities for converting ethanol vapor to CO, CO2, and H2O, as well as magnetic properties, were obtained for Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 synthesized by the ethanol-assisted co-precipitation. The ethanol conversion rate rapidly increased above 175 °C, and the total conversion of ethanol was achieved at a relatively low temperature of 230 °C. This sample also had the largest magnetization of 58.2 A m2 kg−1 at 3 T, and a very small, near superparamagnetic, coercivity.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
References
Ali Zamanian IS, Behnamghader A (2016) Synthesis and characterization of Fe0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 ferrite magnetic nanoclusters using simple thermal decomposition method. J Magn Magn Mater 412:107–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.03.091
Arulmurugan R, Vaidyanathana G, Sendhilnathanb S, Jeyadevanc B (2005) Co–Zn ferrite nanoparticles for ferrofluid preparation: study on magnetic properties. Phys B 363:225–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2005.03.025
Blums E (1996) Magnetic and transport properties of nanoparticles containing ferrocolloids. In: Pelizzetti E (eds) Fine particles science and technology. NATO ASI series (Series 3: high technology), vol 12. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 543–556. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0259-6_38
Cabuil V, Dubois E, Neveu S, Bacri JC, Hasmonay E, Perzynski R (1995) Phase separation in aqueous magnetic colloidal solutions. In: Appell J, Porte G (eds) Trends in colloid and interface science IX. Progress in colloid & polymer science, vol 98. Steinkopff, Heidelberg, pp 23–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0115201
Chen NS, Yang XJ, Liu ES, Huang JL (2000) Reducing gas-sensing properties of ferrite compounds MFe2O4 (M=Cu, Zn, Cd and Mg). Sensors Actuators B Chem 66:178–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-4005(00)00368-3
Cheong HW, Lee MJ (2006) Sensing characteristics and surface reaction mechanism of alcohol sensors based on doped SnO2. J Ceram Process Res 7:183–191. http://jcpr.kbs-lab.co.kr
Chithraa M, Anumola CN, Sahub B, Sahooa SC (2017) Structural and magnetic properties of ZnXCo1−XFe2O4 nanoparticles: nonsaturation of magnetization. J Magn Magn Mater 424:174–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.10.064
Coppola P, da Silva FG, Gomide G, Paula FLO, Campos AFC, Perzynski R, Kern C, Depeyrot J, Aquino R (2016) Hydrothermal synthesis of mixed zinc–cobalt ferrite nanoparticles: structural and magnetic properties. J Nanopart Res 18:138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-016-3430-1
Dube GR, Darshane VS (1993) Decomposition of 1-octanol on the spinel system Ga1−x FexCuMnO4. J Mol Catal 79:285–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-5102(93)85108-6
Economos G (2006) Magnetic ceramics: I, General methods of magnetic ferrite preparation. J Am Ceram Soc 38:241–244. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1955.tb14938.x
El Foulani A-H, Aamouche A, Jedaa A, Amjoud M, Ouzaouit K (2017) Catalytic activity of ferrite nanostructure monitored with infrared spectroscopy. J Mater Environ Sci 8(3):863–869. https://www.jmaterenvironsci.com/Document/vol8/vol8_N3/91-JMES-ICMES-El%20Foulani.pdf
Gadkari AB, Shinde TJ, Vasambekar PN (2010) Structural and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Mg–Cd ferrites prepared by oxalate co-precipitation method. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 21:96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-009-9875-6
Gopal Reddy CV, Manorma SV, Rao VJ (2000) Preparation and characterization of ferrites as gas sensor materials. J Mater Sci Lett 19:775–778. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006716721984
Hankare PP, Jadhav SD, Sankpal UB, Patil RP, Sasikala R, Mulla IS (2009) Gas sensing properties of magnesium ferrite prepared by co-precipitation method. J Alloys Compd 488:270–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.08.103
He HY (2012a) Comparison study on magnetic property of Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 powders by template-assisted sol–gel and hydrothermal methods. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 23(5):995–1000. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-011-0535-2
He HY (2012b) Synthesis and magnetic properties of Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles by template-assisted combustion method. Mater Manuf Process 27:901–904. https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2011.610086
Hedayati K, Azarakhsh S, Ghanbari D (2016) Synthesis and magnetic investigation of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles prepared via a simple chemical precipitation method. J Nanostruct 6:127–131. https://doi.org/10.7508/jns.2016.02.004
Iftimie N, Rezleseu E, Popa PD, Rezlescu N (2005) On the possibility of the use of nickel ferrite s semiconducting gas sensor. J Optoelectron Adv Mater 7:911–914. http://joam.inoe.ro
Ismail MAN, Hashim M, Hajalilou A, Ismail I, Zulkimi MMM, Abdullah N, Rahman WNA, Abdullah MS, Manap M (2014) Magnetic properties of mechanically alloyed cobalt-zinc ferrite nanoparticles. J Supercond Nov Magn 27(5):1293–1298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-013-2440-9
Jaffrezic-Renault N, Pijolat C, Pauly A, Brunet J, Varenne C, Bouvet M, Fabry P (2002) Les matériaux pour capteurs chimiques. L’Act. Chim 255:157–171. https://www.lactualitechimique.org/Les-materiaux-pour-capteurs-chimiques
Jirátováa K, Kovandab F, Ludvíkováa J, Balabánováa J, Klempaa J (2016) Total oxidation of ethanol over layered double hydroxide-related mixed oxide catalysts: effect of cation composition. Catal Today 277:61–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2015.10.036
Klabunde KJ, Stark JV, Koper O, Mohs C, Khaleel A, Glavee G, Zhang D, Sorensen CM, Hadjipanayis GC (1994) Chemical synthesis of nanophase materials. In: Hadjipanayis GC, Siegel RW (eds) Nanophase materials. NATO ASI series (Series E: applied sciences), vol 260. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1076-1_1
Lalauze R, Pijolat C, Vincent S, Bruno L (1992) High-sensitivity materials for gas detection. Sensors Actuators B Chem 8:237–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-4005(92)85024-Q
Legendre M, Cornet D (1972) Catalytic oxidation of ethanol over tantalum oxide. J Catal 25:194–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9517(72)90218-7
Li W, Han Y-C, Zhang J-L, Wang B-G (2005) Effect of ethanol on the aggregation properties of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide surfactant. Colloid J 67:159–163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10595-005-0075-7
Liu P, Norskov JK (2001) Ligand and ensemble effects in adsorption on alloy surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 3:3814–3818. https://doi.org/10.1039/B103525H
Liu Y, Zhu W, Tse MS, Shen SY (1995) Study of a new alcohol gas sensor made from ultrafine SnO2-Fe2O3 powders. J Mater Sci Lett 14:1185–1187. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00291801
Lou X, Liu S, Shi D, Chu W (2007) Ethanol-sensing characteristics of CdFe2O4 sensor prepared by sol–gel method. Mater Chem Phys 105:67–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2007.04.038
Nikam DS, Jadhav SV, Khot VM, Bohara RA, Hong CK, Mali SS, Pawar SH (2015) Cation distribution, structural, morphological and magnetic properties of Co1-xZnxFe2O4 (x=0–1) nanoparticles. RSC Adv 5:2338–2345. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra08342c
Phan TL, Tran N, Kim DH, Dang NT, Manh DH, Bach TN, Liu CL, Lee BW (2017) Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Zn1-xCoxFe2O4 nanoparticles. J Electron Mater 46:4214–4226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-017-5359-2
Pileni MP, Hammouda A, Lisiecki I, Motte L, Moumen N, Tanori J (1996) Control of the size and shape of nanoparticles. In: Pelizzetti E (eds) Fine particles science and technology. NATO ASI series (Series 3: high technology), vol 12. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 413–429 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0259-6_30
Poulopoulos SG (2016) Catalytic oxidation of ethanol in the gas phase over Pt/Rh and Pd catalysts: kinetic study in a spinning-basket flow reactor. React Kinet Mech Catal 117:487–501. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-015-0954-9
Pullar RC, Stacey MH, Taylor MD, Bhattacharya AK (2001) Decomposition, shrinkage and evolution with temperature of aligned hexagonal ferrite fibres. Acta Mater 49:4241–4250. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00304-4
Punnoose A, Reddy KM, Thurber A, Hays J, Engelhard MH (2007) Novel magnetic hydrogen sensing: a case study using antiferromagnetic haematite nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 18(16):165502. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/18/16/165502
Rajendran M, Pullar RC, Bhattacharya AK, Das D, Chintalapudi SN, Majumdar CK (2001) Magnetic properties of nanocrystalline CoFe2O4 powders prepared at room temperature: variation with crystallite size. J Magn Magn Mater 232:71–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-8853(01)00151-2
Rymeša J, Ehretb G, Hilairec L, Boutonnetd M, Jirátováa K (2002) Microemulsions in the preparation of highly active combustion catalysts. Catal Today 75:297–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-5861(02)00082-2
Sberveglieri G (1995) Recent developments in semiconducting thin-film gas sensors. Sensors Actuators B Chem 23:103–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-4005(94)01278-P
Singhal S, Namgyal T, Bansal S, Chandra K (2001) Effect of Zn substitution on the magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite nano particles prepared via sol-gel route. J Electromagn Anal Appl 2:376–381. https://doi.org/10.4236/jemaa.2010.26049
Spivey JJ (1987) Complete catalytic oxidation of volatile organics. Ind Eng Chem Res 26(11):2165–2180. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00071a001
Suo H, Wu F, Wang Q, Liu G, Qin F, Xq B, Zhao M (1997) Study on ethanol sensitivity of nanocrystalline La0.7Sr0.3FeO3-based gas sensor. Sensors Actuators B Chem 45:245–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-4005(97)00314-6
Tao S, Gao F, Liu X, Sorensen OT (2000) Preparation and gas-sensing properties of CuFe2O4 at reduced temperature. Mater Sci Eng B 77:172–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5107(00)00473-6
Tsai WT (2016) Toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmospheric environment: regulatory aspects and monitoring in Japan and Korea. Environment 3(3):23. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments3030023
Wang G, Shi G, Zhang Q, Wang H, Li Y (2012) Highly dispersed Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/polypyrrole nanocomposites for cost-effective, high-performance defluoridation using a magnetically controllable microdevice. J Hazard Mater 237–238:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.07.065
Wei Y-C, Liu C-W, Kang W-D, Lai C-M, Tsai L-D, Wang K-W (2011) Electro-catalytic activity enhancement of Pd–Ni electrocatalysts for the ethanol electro-oxidation in alkaline medium: the promotional effect of CeO2 addition. J Electroanal Chem 660:64–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.06.006
Wolf SA, Awschalam DD, Buhrman RA, Daughton JM, Molnar SV, Roukes ML, Chtchelkanova AY, Treger DM (2001) Spintronics: a spin-based electronics vision for the future. Science 294:1488–1495. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1065389
Woo HS, Na CW, Lee JH (2016) Design of highly selective gas sensors via physicochemical modification of oxide nanowires: overview. Sensors 16(9):1531. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16091531
Yao Y-FY (1984) Catalytic oxidation of ethanol at low concentrations. Ind Eng Chem Process Des Dev 23(1):60–67. https://doi.org/10.1021/i200024a011
Yasenevz P, Bowker M, Hutchings G (2011) Structural and magnetic properties of Zn-substituted cobalt ferrites prepared by co-precipitation method. Phys Chem Chem Phys 13:18609–18614. https://doi.org/10.1039/C1CP21516G
Zafeiratos S, Piccininb S, Teschner D (2012) Alloys in catalysis: phase separation and surface segregation phenomena in response to the reactive environment. Catal Sci Technol 2:1787–1801. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cy00487a
Zhihao Y, Lide Z (1998) Synthesis and structural characterization of capped ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles. Mater Res Bull 33:1587–1592. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-5408(98)00164-0
Zhu H, Gu X, Zho D, Wang Z, Yao K (2008) Microemulsion-based synthesis of porous zinc ferrite nanorods and its application in a room-temperature ethanol sensor. Nanotechnology 19(40):405503. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/19/40/405503
Zulkimi MMM, Hashim M, Ismail I, Azis R’a S, Kanagesan S, Mustaffa MS, Zawawi MKIM (2014) Trends of parallel microstructure and magnetic properties evolution in Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4. J Supercond Nov Magn 27(8):1903–1910. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-014-2520-5
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Portugal-Morocco bilateral collaboration grant FCT/CNRST-2015/2016 Proc. № 441.00. This work was partly carried out at CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007679 (FCT Ref. UID/CTM /50011/2013) financed by national funds through the FCT/MEC.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
El Foulani, AH., Pullar, R.C., Amjoud, M., Ouzaouit, K., Aamouche, A. (2018). Magnetic and Nanostructural Properties of Cobalt–Zinc Ferrite for Environmental Sensors. In: Hussain, C. (eds) Handbook of Environmental Materials Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58538-3_85-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58538-3_85-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-58538-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-58538-3
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Chemistry and Mat. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics