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Advanced Treatment Technologies

  • Living reference work entry
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Handbook of Environmental Materials Management

Abstract

Increasing population, rapid industrialization and extensive use of pesticides in agriculture caused the discharge of pesticide residues into surface water. Among, organochlorines (OCs) are critically noxious with half-lives of many years followed by organophosphorus (OPs) and carbamates etc. Owing to carcinogenic nature, most of OCs are banned worldwide and still existing in environment. Due to great persistence, toxicity and potential to bioaccumulation, their complete removal (including monitoring and regulatation) is highly imperative. In this direction, traditional techniques such as microbial, photolysis and conventional-adsorbents (commercial-activated-carbon, agricultural and natural-waste) were highly employed. Of late, nanomaterials (including nanocomposites and nano-biocomposite) with high surface-area come out as most economic, rapid and effective photocatalyst under artificial and sun-light irradiation. TiO2 and Fe0 by itself or with oxidizing agents are being used frequently and open the opportunities for exploring other nanoparticles as well. Further, their modified, doped or composites form showed improved properties via introduction of additional energy levels or upsurge of surface area. However, metal oxides also found to degrade OP pesticides by rapid reactive adsorption followed by cleavage of P-O bond via SN2 mechanism. Present chapter familiarize readers with comprehensive information on problem related to different types of pesticides (metabolites, environmental concentration, and need for degradation) and their removal using nanoparticles through adsorption, photocatalytic, redox and reactive degradation. In addition, importance of green synthesized nanoparticles in degradation of various organic-pollutants has been highlighted.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India

    Manviri Rani & Uma Shanker

Authors
  1. Manviri Rani
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  2. Uma Shanker
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Correspondence to Uma Shanker .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Chemistry and EVSC, New Jersey InstTech, 151 D Tiernan-NJIT Dept. of Chemistry and EVSC, Newark, New Jersey, USA

    Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain

Section Editor information

  1. Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA

    Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain Ph. D

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Rani, M., Shanker, U. (2018). Advanced Treatment Technologies. In: Hussain, C. (eds) Handbook of Environmental Materials Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58538-3_33-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58538-3_33-1

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-58538-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-58538-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Chemistry and Mat. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics

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