Synonyms
Childhood or adolescent brain injury
Definition
A pediatric traumatic brain injury is defined as a traumatic insult or blow to the head, occurring in childhood, which is sufficient to cause an altered state of consciousness. The injury is acquired and not developmental.
Categorization
Penetrating (Open) Head Injuries
Penetrating head injuries involve an object penetrating the skull and entering into brain tissue. They account for nearly 10% of all childhood brain injuries. Neurological deficits and posttraumatic epilepsy are often subsequent to penetrating head injuries. Deficits typically reflect localization of brain injury. While an injury from the object can cause localizing effects, along the path of penetration, additional damage can occur from the object fragmenting into parts. Secondary injuries can also occur including cerebral infection, swelling, bleeding, and increased intracranial pressure.
Closed Head Injuries
Closed head injuries occur when the brain tissue is...
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References and Readings
Anderson, V. A. (2004). Pediatric head injury. In M. Rizzo & P. J. Eslinger (Eds.), Principles and practice of behavioral neurology and neuropsychology (pp. 863–879). Philadelphia: Elsevier Inc.
British Pediatric Neurology Association. (2001). www.bpna.org.uk/audit/GCS.pdf
Brown, J. (2016). Pediatrics and adolescents. In The essential brain injury guide (5th ed., pp. 286–317). McLean: Brain Injury Association of America.
Chapman, S. B., & McKinnon, L. (2000). Discussion of developmental plasticity: Factors affecting cognitive outcome after pediatric traumatic brain injury. Journal of Communication Disorders, 33, 333–344.
Ewing-Cobbs, L., Levin, H. S., Fletcher, J. M., Miner, M. E., & Eisenberg, H. M. (1990). The children’s orientation and amnesia test: Relationship to severity of acute head injury and to recovery of memory. Neurosurgery, 27, 683–691.
Fletcher, J. M., Miner, M. E., & Ewing-Cobbs, L. (1987). Age and recovery from head injury in children: Developmental issues. In H. S. Levin, J. Grafman, & H. M. Eisenberg (Eds.), Neurobehavioral recovery from head injury (pp. 279–291). New York: Oxford University Press.
Goldstein, F. C., & Levin, H. S. (2001). Epidemiology of pediatric closed head injury: Incidence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 20, 518–525.
Keenan, H. T., & Bratton, S. L. (2006). Epidemiology and outcome of pediatric traumatic brain injury. Developmental Neuroscience, 28, 256–263.
Max, J. E. (2005). Children and adolescents. In J. M. Silver, T. W. McAllister, & S. C. Yudofsky (Eds.), Textbook of traumatic brain injury (pp. 477–494). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc..
McKinlay, A., Dalrymple-Alford, J. C., Horwood, L. J., & Fergusson, D. M. (2002). Long term psychosocial outcomes after mild head injury in early childhood. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 73, 281–288.
Reilly, P., Simpson, D., Sprod, R., & Thomas, L. (1988). Assessing the conscious level of infants and young children: A pediatric version of the Glasgow Coma Scale. Child’s Nervous System, 4, 30–33.
Reitan, R. M., & Wolfson, D. (1992). Content and methodological organization of the Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological test battery for older children. In R. M. Reitan & D. Wolfson (Eds.), Neuropsychological evaluation of older children (pp. 71–116). South Tucson: Neuropsychology Press.
Shores, A. E. (1989). Comparison of the Westmead PTA Scale and the Glasgow Coma Scale of predictors of neuropsychological outcome following extremely severe blunt head injury. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 52, 126–127.
Yeates, O. K. (2000). Closed-head injury. In K. O. Yeates, M. D. Ris, & H. G. Taylor (Eds.), Pediatric neuropsychology (pp. 92–116). New York: The Guilford Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this entry
Cite this entry
Backhaus, S. (2018). Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury. In: Kreutzer, J.S., DeLuca, J., Caplan, B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_264
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_264
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-57110-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-57111-9
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences