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Epigenetics of Diabetic Nephropathy

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Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics

Abstract

Diabetes has become epidemic worldwide, and the patients with diabetes often develop diabetic nephropathy (DN). This complication is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease, which requires treatment with dialysis or kidney transplantation. The treatment costs of DN in patients are increasing and impose a substantial burden on the healthcare system. DN is a complex disease reflecting the interplay between genetic, nongenetic, and epigenetic factors. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that genomic DNA methylation changes, chromatin histone modifications, and noncoding RNA dysregulation are involved in the pathogenesis of DN. Furthermore, the reversibility of these epigenetic effects in DN is the prerequisite for interactions with the environment. Therefore, researchers have put their efforts to identify the inherited and modifiable epigenetic features associated with DN in order to improve understanding of the pathogenesis of DN and to discover new targets that may act as biomarkers for the prediction of DN. In this chapter, the current design, approach, and biological material used in epigenetic study of DN are reviewed. Recent studies of epigenetic effects in DN are summarized, and further investigation of epigenetic mechanisms in DN is discussed.

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Abbreviations

ADA:

American Diabetes Association

BMI:

Body mass index

DN:

Diabetic nephropathy

ESRD:

End-stage renal disease

GDM:

Gestational diabetes mellitus

IDF:

International Diabetes Federation

IGFBP-1:

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1

LCL:

Lymphoblastoid cell lines

NGT:

Normal glucose tolerance

PBL:

Peripheral blood leukocytes

SLC30A8:

Solute carrier family 30 members 8

T1D:

Type 1 diabetes

T2D:

Type 2 diabetes

UAE:

Urinary albumin excretion

UTR:

Untranslated regions

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technologies, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

    Harvest F. Gu

  2. Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

    Harvest F. Gu

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  1. Harvest F. Gu
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Correspondence to Harvest F. Gu .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Research Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

    Victor R. Preedy

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Gu, H.F. (2019). Epigenetics of Diabetic Nephropathy. In: Patel, V., Preedy, V. (eds) Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55530-0_27

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55530-0_27

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